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tives have an Eurasian distribution in the first case and an E-Mediterranean-Iranian distribu-
tion in the second case, both of them must should have colonized Sicily through Peloritani
Mts. But something simply does not match very well: Petagnaea is a very isolated – hence
probably rather ancient – genus, but unlike the other Palaeogene relicts it does not grow on
steep cliffs but in a rather novel ecosystem, represented by beechwood brooklets, whilst Sicu-
losciadum only grows on dolomias, a substrate which does not occur on the metamorphic
massif of Peloritani Mts.
It is important to highlight that many interesting species belonging to relict genera may
have evolved or have colonized Sicily quite recently and now only survive in few suitable
sites: this could be the case of Zelkova sicula (GARFÌ et al. 2011), represented by only two
Table 1. An overview on the differential vascular plants growing in the districts corresponding to the cir-
cum-Sicilian satellite islands and archipelagos

COSYRAN DISTRICT (PANTELLERIA ISLAND)
Exclusive endemic taxa: Genista aspalathoides var. gussonei, Helichrysum saxatile subsp.
errerae, Limonium cosyrense, Limonium parvifolium, Limonium secundirameum, Matthiola
incana subsp. pulchella, Medicago truncatula var. cosyrensis, Senecio leucanthemifolius subsp.
cosyrensis, Serapias cossyrensis, Trifolium nigrescens var. dolychodon
Exclusive non endemic taxa: Andryala rothia subsp. cosyrensis, Antirrhinum tortuosum, Asple-
nium marinum, Asplenium obovatum subsp. lanceolatum, Brassica insularis, Carex illegitima,
Cytisus intermedius, Limodorum trabutianum, Ophrys sphegifera, Pimpinella lutea (extinct),
Pinus pinaster subsp. escarena, Schoenoplectus litoralis subsp. thermalis, Serapias cossyrensis.
ALGUSAN DISTRICT (LINOSA ISLAND)
Exclusive endemic taxa: Erodium neuradifolium var. linosae, Galium murale var. calvescens,
Limonium algusae, Valantia calva, Valantia muralis var. intricata.
Exclusive non endemic taxa: Astragalus warionis, Castellia tuberculosa, Lotus peregrinus, Ono-
nis serrata, Onopordon tauricum, Patellifolia patellaris, Silene apetala, Spergula fallax, Volu-
taria tubiflora

LOPADUSAN DISTRICT (LAMPEDUSA AND LAMPIONE ISLANDS)
Exclusive endemic taxa: Allium hemisphaericum, Allium lopadusanum, Allium pelagicum,
Anthemis secundiramea var. lopadusana, Bellevalia pelagica, Chiliadenus lopadusanus, Cistus ×
skanbergii (extinct in the wild), Daucus lopadusanus, Daucus rupestris (extinct), Dianthus rupi-
cola subsp. lopadusanus, Diplotaxis scaposa, Filago gussonei, Limonium albidum, Limonium
intermedium (extinct in the wild), Limonium lopadusanum (also Linosa), Oncostema dimartinoi,
Suaeda pelagica, Thapsia pelagica
Exclusive non endemic taxa: Allium hirtovaginatum, Caralluma europaea subsp. europaea, Cis-
tus parviflorus, Diplotaxis scaposa, Echinops spinosissimus subsp. spinosus, Hypericum aegypti-
acum, Launaea nudicaulis (extinct), Marrubium alysson, Ophrys picta, Paronychia arabica
subsp. longiseta

AEGADIAN DISTRICT (EGADI ISLANDS)
Exclusive endemic taxa: Allium franciniae, Brassica macrocarpa, Bupleurum dianthifolium,
Centaurea aegusae, Helichrysum panormitanum subsp. messeriae, Limonium aegusae, Limonium
tenuiculum, Oncostema hughii, Prospero hierae, Thymus richardii subp. nitidus
Exclusive non endemic taxa: Aristolochia navicularis, Daphne sericea, Erodium maritimum,
Lagurus ovatus var. vestitus, Ophrus apulica, Ophrys scolopax, Thymelaea tartonraira
AEOLIAN DISTRICT (AEOLIAN ISLANDS)
Exclusive endemic taxa: Anthemis aeolica, Bituminaria basaltica, Centaurea aeolica, Cytisus
aeolicus, Erysimum brulloi, Genista tyrrhena subsp. tyrrhena, Silene hicesiae
Exclusive non endemic taxa: Clematis flammula, Eokochia saxicola, Helichrysum litoreum,
Malcolmia ramosissima, Wahlebergia nutabunda

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