Page 6 - Collective Article_2017

Mar Piccolo Lagoons, La Spezia, Olbia and Ortona Miseno and Sabaudia Lakes (Crocetta et al., 2013) and
harbours (Italy), La Grande Motte marina (France) from Tavolara Island (Trainito & Doneddu, 2015). The
and, finally, Heraklion (Kriti, Greece) and El Kantaoui distribution of A. lurana appears patchy and scattered,
(Tunisia) harbours (Dailianis et al., 2016; Tempesti et al., locally reaching high abundances, and related mainly to
2016). Its introduction is reputedly related to oyster and organically enriched environments. Since this species has
mussel farming; however, there are no shellfish farms in been observed several years after the beginning of regular
proximity of the sampling areaand, therefore, shipping is monitoring of fouling assemblages in the port of Livorno,
the most likely way of introduction as regards the port of we assume that it is a recent arrival. For all species,
Livorno. shipping is the most likely introduction way (ballast water
Anteaeolidiella lurana is an amphiatlantic species
with tropical affinity, and it has been reported from the discharges), although, at least for P. japonica, ship fouling
Mediterranean Sea, as well as from a few localities in the might be an introduction way.
western and eastern Pacific Ocean (Carmona et al., 2014). These records confirm the importance of the port of
On the basis of molecular data reported by Carmona et al. Livorno as an alien species hotspot, raising the number
(2014) it is impossible to reconstruct the actual origin of of reported alien and cryptogenic benthic invertebrates
this species, and therefore we precautionarily consider it from 21 (Langeneck et al., 2015) to 24. At least two of the
as cryptogenic in the Mediterranean Sea. Present records newly recorded species, namely P. japonica and A. lurana,
confirm the occurrence of this species in the Tyrrhenian show signals of fast range expansion in the Mediterranean
Sea, where the species has already been reported from the Sea (Tempesti et al., 2016).

Fig. 5: Alien and cryptogenic species newly reported from the port of Livorno. A, B, C: Syllis pectinans. D: Paranthura japonica.
E: Anteaeolidiella lurana.

184 Medit. Mar. Sci., 18/1, 2017, 179-201