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484 FABIO LIBERTO ET ALII
1961), S. grohmanniana, S. leucophryna (L.
Pfeiffer, 1862), S. nobilis, S. riberothi (Brandt,
1961), S. scarificata (L. Pfeiffer, 1856), S. septem-
plicata septemplicata, S. septemplicata alcamoensis
(Brandt, 1961), S. septemplicata hemmeni Beck-
mann, 2004, S. spezialensis (H. Nordsieck, 1984), S.
tiberii tiberii, S. tiberii scalettensis Beckmann, 2004.
This checklist is confirmed by Bank (2011) and
by Nordsieck (2013).
The genus Siciliaria s. str. is endemic to Western
Sicily, from Caccamo in the East to the island of
Marettimo in the West, and from San Vito lo Capo
in the North, to Castelvetrano and Ribera in the
South. The hot spot of biodiversity are the moun-
tains in the northern part, whereas in the central and
southern area (Sicani Mountains) the presence of
Siciliaria is discontinuous. The genus Siciliaria s. str. Palumbo, Castelbuono, Italy (MNMP); A. Reitano,
is reported in Quaternary deposits of Palermo (De
Gregorio, 1886: Monte Pellegrino; 1927: Pietrazzi,
Bellolampo; our personal data: Mount Catalfano)
and in the Quaternary deposit of Wied tal-Bahrija in
the Island of Malta (Giusti et al., 1995).
Siciliaria scarificata was discovered by the si-
cilian naturalist Luigi Benoit (1804–1890) who dis-
tributed shells of this door snail to his malacologists
colleagues under the name of Clausilia confinata.
Luis Pfeiffer (1856) published the first valid descrip-
tion with the name C. scarificata (Fig. 1) reporting
its distribution as “Habitat in Sicilia”. Subsequently,
L. Pfeiffer (1859) specified the distribution as “in
insula Maretima Siciliae”. However in the course of
1800s and up to about the 1970s most authors used
the name C. confinata Benoit or the incorrect spelling
C. sacrificata Benoit, 1875 (see below). The original
description and all subsequent descriptions were
based on shell features; while genitalia were never
described and illustrated.
This paper is intended to redescribe this species
in detail (shell and genitalia) and also provided notes
about its taxonomy, biology and conservation status.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
All living specimens were relaxed in water and
then preserved in 80% ethanol. Five specimens
were anatomically investigated under a Leica
MZ12.5 stereomicroscope using scalpel, scissors
and needles. Empty shells were kept dry, and have
been measured with a digital gauge. The plicae and
lamellae were studied breaking the shells with a
scalpel. The method of calculating the number of
whorls by Kerney & Cameron (1979) was used.
Shell measures were based on the study of 20 spe-
cimens. Photos were carried out with a Panasonic
Lumix DMC-FZ20 digital camera. Anatomical
details were drawn using a Wild camera lucida. The
collection data are listed as follows: State, region,
municipality, locality, altitude, dates, collection and
number of specimens in parentheses. Toponyms
(place-names) are reported following Map “IGM 1:
25000, Isola di Marettimo, sheet 256 IV - N.O.”.
Each locality and/or collection site is named in the
original language (italian).
Voucher specimens were stored in the following
Museums and private collections: F. Liberto,
Cefalù, Italy (LC); Museo Naturalistico F. Minà
Tremestieri Etneo, Italy (RC); I. Sparacio, Palermo,
Italy (SC).
CONCHOLOGICAL ACRONYMS. AUPP:
Anterior upper palatal plica; CL: columellar
lamella; D: shell width; H: shell height; L: lunella;
LPP: lower palatal plica (basal plica); PL: parietal
lamella; PLL: parallel lamella; PP: principal plica;
PUPP: posterior upper palatal plica; SCL: sub-
columellar lamella; SL: spiral lamella; SUL:
sulcalis; SP: sutural plica. ANATOMICAL AC-
RONYMS. BC: bursa copulatrix; BCD: divertic-
ulum of bursa copulatrix; DBC: duct of the bursa
copulatrix; E: epiphallus; FO: free oviduct; G:
penial papilla; GA: genital atrium; P: penis; PR:
penial retractor muscle; V: vagina; VD: vas deferens.
SYSTEMATICS
Family CLAUSILIIDAE J.E. Gray, 1855
Genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867
Type species: Clausilia grohmanniana Ross-
mässler, 1836
Siciliaria (Siciliaria) scarificata (L. Pfeiffer, 1856)
Clausilia scarificata, L. Pfeiffer, 1856: 185, Pl. 2,
figs. 20–22 - Habitat in Sicilia
Clausilia scarificata, L. Pfeiffer, 1859: 765–766 -
Habitat in insula Maretima Siciliae
Clausilia confinata, Benoit, 1859: Pl. 6, fig. 6
Clausilia scarificata, Küster, 1860–1861: 298, Pl.
34, figs. 1–3 - Insel Maretima