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270 CALOGERO MUSCARELLA & ALESSANDRO BARAGONA

TAXON FA LE MA US LI VU ST SA AL FI PA LM LN LA PN REFERENCES
HYGROMIIDAE
Cernuella metabola X Bank, 2011; Manganelli
(Westerlund, 1889) et al., 1995
Helicotricha carusoi Giusti, X X X X X X X Giusti et al., 1992
Manganelli et Crisci, 1992
Schileykiella bodoni Cianfanelli et al, 2004
Cianfanelli, Manganelli X
et Giusti, 2004
Trochoidea cumiae X X Cianfanelli, 2002
(Calcara, 1847)
LIMACIDAE
Limax aeolianus Giusti, 1973 X X Giusti, 1973; Lo Cascio
& Navarra, 2003
ZONITIDAE
Oxychilus (Hyalocornea) Benoit, 1857-1862*;
alicurensis (Benoit, 1857) X Giusti, 1973
Oxychilus (Hyalocornea) X X Manganelli et al., 1995
egadiensis Riedel, 1973
Oxychilus (Hyalocornea) X Calcara, 1843;
nortoni (Calcara, 1843) Liberto et al., 2010
Oxychilus (Hyalofusca) X Manganelli et al., 2007
denatale (Pfeiffer, 1856)
Oxychilus (Oxychilus) X Giusti, 1973;
diductus (Westerlund, 1886) Corti et al., 2002
Oxychilus (Oxychilus) Giusti, 1973*
lagrecai Giusti, 1973 X

Table 1/7. Endemic taxa of circum-sicilian island listed by alphabetic order and relative distribution. For the abbreviation of
the islands see Table 2. The species followed by * have not been taken into consideration for the elaboration of the Tables.

CONCLUSIONS posed by Fattorini (2011) who took into considera-
tion only Tenebrionids:
The study of the populations of the circum- - in the case of the Aeolian Islands, the new en-
sicilian islands, as we have seen, is particularly demic species might have originated by propagules
complex (see also Francini Corti & Lanza, 1973 arrived from Sicily especially during the periods of
and Massa et al., 2011), as these islands vary sub- marine regression, when the distance between these
stantially for their origin (volcanic or sedimentary), islands and Sicily reduced but not annulled; these
paleogeography (some have been connected to propagules might have rapidly differentiated due to
Sicily or the African continent during pleistocenic a marked “bottleneck”, accentuated by the volcanic
regressions, other have remained isolated), distance instability of the area. The origin of paleoendemic
from the main source of colonisation (Sicily or species is more complex: their genesis is allegedly
Africa), surface (Malta, the biggest island, has a to be found in the complex geological history or
2
surface of 245.7 km but most of the islands are “paleo-Aeolian islands”
smaller than 30 km ) and environmental conditions. - for the Egads we can suppose a substantial col-
2
Besides, their position at the border between Europe onisation via land for Levanzo and Favignana,
and Africa makes their faunistic composition a mo- while the populations of Marettimo have a preval-
saic of European and African elements (Francini ently relictual connotation.
Corti & Lanza, 1973; Massa 1995b, 2011) with im- - Ustica, Linosa and Pantelleria, of volcanic ori-
portant implications of preservation (Fattorini, gin, are very distant from continental areas, with
2008, 2011). which they would never have gotten into contact,
The conclusions that we draw by analysing as a which can explain the fact that they show, almost
whole the endemic contingents of circum-sicilian exclusively, endemic species of new formation.
islands and the main factors that have determined -Lampedusa and Lampione are very isolated and
the insular differentiation are similar to those pro- of ancient origin; we can therefore presume that