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recorded in some localities of northern Italy. The taxonomic relationships of L.
tylopus with the other species of the group (L. nicaeensis Bré:ilemann, 1904; L. ruf
foi Matic, 1966; L. salernitanus Manfredi, 1956) remain however to be defìned.
Schendyla apenninorum is found in a few localities in northern Italy, from Pavia
province to the National Park of Abruzzo and the Ausoni-Aurunci Mountains.
Other endemie species have a more or less limited distribution, such as:
Eupolybothrus imperialis, which is also present in southern an d south-eastern Italy;
Lithobius aleator, which is distributed from the Maritimes Alps (France) to south-
ern Italy (Campania), through Umbria, Lazio andAbruzzo; L. cassinensis, which
is widely distributed in centrai Apennines an d some populations are also lmown
in Tuscany (Siena province) and Campania (Naples province); and L. romanus,
which has been reported along the Tyrrhenian side ofLazio but is also present
on some Tyrrhenian small islands (Ponza, Capri and Salina islands), where i t may
have been introduced. In all the cases d1ese are species mosdy inhabiting forest
habitats, in particular oal(Woods and other broad-leaf forests. E fasciatus, L. aleator,
L. tylopus and L. cassinensis live in the studied area within a rather wide elevation
range, from sea level up to 1,500-1,600 m, and rarely higher. In a few cases, E
imperialis has been recorded above l 00 m elevation an d only S. apenninorum has
thus far been found at higher elevations, between 900 and l ,500 m.
Other three endemie species have a more limited distribution: Lithobius
minellii, reported in the orientai (Laga Mountains, Gran Sasso, Maiella) and
centrai chains (Reatini and Matese Mountains) of the centrai Apennine, as
well as in low elevation localities of the Abruzzo (Teramo province); L. nocel-
lensis, found in very few localities at mid and low elevations in Abruzzo
(Teramo province), Umbria (Perugia province) and Campania (Islands Ischia
and Capri); and L. pasquinii, recorded in the Gran Sasso and the Emici
Mountains (Fig. 9). These are Apenninic elements, likely related to forest
habitas, which the knowledge about their distribution and habitat prefer-
ences is stili insuffìcient. The identity of a Lithobius sp. morphologically dose
to L. lucifugus, found in severallocalities of the studied area, is stili being
defìned.
The few Alpino-Apenninic endemie species are represented by Lithobius
sphinx, found in a few localities of north-western (Piedmont, Liguria), cen-
trai (Marches, Umbria, Abruzzo) and southern (Campania, Ischia island)
Italy, Cryptops umbricus, present in France (Maritimes Alps), throughout
northern Italy and along the Apennin~s up to Basilicata (Pollino Mount)
(Minelli and Zapparoli, 1985; Iorio and Minelli, 2005), and Stenotaenia
romana (W-Alpino-Apenninic), distributed from the Ligurian Apennines
to Lazio but also recorded in north-western (Piedmont), north-east
(Veneto: Euganei Hills) and southern (Campania) Italy (Banato and
Minelli, 2008).

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