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THE RING 27, 2 (2005) 219

2005a) and moving on a broader front across the Mediterranean basin. During
post-reproductive movements, although they apparently defend also winter territo-
ries and thus may benefit from an early arrival in Equatorial Africa (Hake et al.
2003), many of them would circumfly the Mediterranean Sea crossing at the Strait
of Gibraltar and at the Bosporus while those crossing the central Mediterranean re-
gion avoid the longer crossing of the Tyrrhenian Sea. The discovery of more direct
paths between breeding and wintering areas made by juvenile birds during their
first migration (Hake et al. 2003) may have adaptive value.

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