Page 2 - Basso_et_al_2011_Phycologia_L_crispatum

Basso et al.: Lithothamnion crispatum Hauck 145
bridge Stereoscan 360 at 15 or 20 kV at the Milano facilities
and in a SEM Leica Stereoscan 430i in the Trieste CSPA,
centre for Coordinamento e Sviluppo di Progetti e Appa-
recchiature. Modern Mediterranean collections were pre-
served in 4% commercial formalin in seawater. For light
microscopy (LM), pieces of thallus were decalcified with
Tellyesniczkyi’s solution (Bressan 1970) for 12–48 h,
washed in distilled water, dehydrated through a graded
ethanol series and embedded in methacrylate resin (Tech-
novit 7100, Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany). Prep-
aration of serial sections follows Basso & Rodondi (2006).
Permanent slides for LM were examined and photographed
with a Leica DMRB photomicroscope.
Anatomical terminology follows Adey & Adey (1973)
and Woelkerling (1988), and growth form terminology
follows Woelkerling et al. (1993). Conceptacle measure-
ments follow the system of Adey & Adey (1973) and were
made directly from the SEM or under LM using a
calibrated eyepiece micrometer. Cell measurements follow
Basso et al. (2004).
OBSERVATIONS
Lithothamnion crispatum Hauck (1878: 289)
Figs 1–30; Table 1
LECTOTYPE: L, 943.7-75 (Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Nether-
lands), box 9395 #1 (Woelkerling & Verheij 1995).
ETYMOLOGY: Crispatum means curly or wrinkled, as the
habit of the Mediterranean plant described and illustrated
by Hauck (1878, pl. 3, figs 1–4)
ILLUSTRATIONS OF TYPE MATERIAL: Cabioch & Mendoza
1998: 218, figs 28–29.
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYM: Lithophyllum crispatum (Hauck)
Hauck (1885: 270);
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS:
Archaeolithothamnion crispatum (Hauck) Foslie (1898: 3)
Lithothamnion brasiliense f. heteromorpha Foslie (1900: 4) (see
also Woelkerling et al. 2005: 455; da No´ brega Farias et al.
2010: 211–214)
Lithothamnion fruticulosum f. confinis Foslie (1904b: 4) (see also In the Indian Ocean, it is recorded from the Amirante
Woelkerling 1993: 58)
Lithothamnion heteromorphum (Foslie) Foslie (1908: 10) (see
also Adey 1970: 20; da No´ brega Farias et al. 2010: 210–216;
Woelkerling et al. 2005: 455)
Lithothamnion indicum Foslie (1907: 7) as Lithothamnion
indicum f. typica (see also Printz 1929: 42, pl. 13, figs 24,
29, as Lithothamnion indicum f. typica; Adey & Lebednik
1967: 58; Woelkerling 1993: 125; Wilks & Woelkerling 1995:
558, fig 7; Harvey et al. 2003: 658–659, figs D–F;
Woelkerling et al. 2005: 279–280).
Lithothamnion philippii Foslie f. crispata (Hauck) Foslie (1904a:
13) (see also Cabioch & Mendoza 1998: 215, figs 30, 31);
Lithothamnion superpositum Foslie (1900: 8, figs 3–7) (see also
Printz 1929: pl. 12, fig. 10; Adey & Lebednik 1967: 82;
Woelkerling 1993: 218; Keats et al. 2000: 381, figs 31, 32;
Harvey et al. 2003: 654–658, fig 7, A–C; Woelkerling et al.
2005: 460).
Mesophyllum superpositum (Foslie) Adey (1970: 26) (see also
Woelkerling 1993: 218).
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Western Mediterranean: Elba Is-
land, 45 m (D. Basso, R/V Minerva site min90abe120-121,
1 December 1990, GR/MMmes1, GR/MMmes2); Pontian
Islands, 73–78 m (D. Basso, R/V Minerva site min89edg02,
7 July 1989, 020692b4), misidentified in Basso (1995, pl. 5,
fig. 5) as Lithothamnion philippii Foslie; Egads, Marettimo
Island, 40 m (D. Basso, 25 August 1993, 4894b4-b5)
misidentified in Basso (1996) as Mesophyllum agariciformis
Pallas; CMF1; CMF3; DMF2A; DMF3B; DMF8;
FMU2B; FMU1A. Eastern Mediterranean: Rovinj, north-
ern Adriatic Sea, lectotype of L. crispatum Foslie (collector
and date unknown); Moscenicka Draga (Rijeka Bay),
infralittoral zone, middle Adriatic Sea (S. Kaleb, September
2004, TSB 1147 LTT CRS 1c); Assos, Pelitko¨ y, Foc¸a,
Karaburun, Sıg˘acık, O¨ zdere-Kalemlik, Dilek Peninsula,
Aegean coasts of Turkey, 2–5 m depth. Indian Ocean:
Araher, Socotra Island, Yemen, rhodolith in a carpet reef at
18 m depth (A. Caragnano, 13 March 2010, SO9b/DB614);
Corner Inlet, Victoria (southeastern Australia) 4.5–7 m
depth, lectotype of Lithothamnion indicum Foslie (J.
Gabriel, 1897) designated by Woelkerling (1993: 125),
TRH: B7-2084, Woelkerling et al. 2005: 280.
HABITAT AND PHENOLOGY: Mediterranean and Atlantic
plants unattached, forming rhodoliths, on infralittoral and
upper circalittoral biodetritic soft substrates at 2–78 m
depth (Basso 1995, Keats et al. 2000; Bressan & Babbini
2003, Kurt et al. 2009, da No´ brega Farias et al. 2010).
Tetrasporangial plants collected in August and December;
gametangial plants collected in August. Australian plants
epilithic or unattached as rhodoliths, down to depths of
20 m (Wilks & Woelkerling 1995, as L. indicum; Harvey et
al. 2003, as L. superpositum). South African plants collected
on hard substrates, attached (Keats et al. 2000).
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Lithothamnion crispatum is a
cosmopolitan species. It has been recorded from Madeira,
Mauritania and South Africa (as L. superpositum, Keats et
al. 2000), and westward to the Atlantic coast of South
America along the Brazilian coast (as L. superpositum, da
No´ brega Farias et al. 2010). The species has been identified
from the eastern and western Mediterranean (Babbini &
Bressan 1997; Bressan & Babbini 2003 and present work).
Islands, Djibuti, Indonesia, Maldives and Seychelles (as L.
indicum, Silva et al. 1996), and eastward to Victoria,
Australia (as L. indicum, Wilks & Woelkerling 1995;
Woelkerling 1996) and the Pacific coast of Australia (Coffs
Harbour, as L. superpositum, Harvey et al. 2003).
HABIT AND VEGETATIVE STRUCTURE: The lectotype is a
rhodolith with fruticose to foliose growth form. The
protuberances are cylindrical to lamellate, up to 15 mm
long and up to 3 mm wide at their flared, distal end
(Hauck 1878, pl. 3, figs 1, 2; Hauck 1885, pl. 2, fig. 3;
Cabioch & Mendoza 1998, fig. 28). The lectotype thallus
fragments are pseudoparenchymatous, monomerous and