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L1 Performance standards/conditions/criteria/requirements attached to licenses, concessions and
user/property rights, etc in order to ensure the achievement of the priority objective, such as achieving
environmental criteria and providing access rights for particular uses. (Tab.1, points 1, 16; Tab.2,
points 1,2,6,7,8).
These incentives involve fishing activities and tourism for both services and structures. Based mainly
on the LFMP and NFMP, fishers get some administrative and economic advantages if they convert
their fishing gear to lower impact gear. The same advantages are given to tourist operators who link
their activities to the respect, valorisation and sustainable use of natural resources.
L2 International-regional-national-local legal obligations that require the fulfilment of the priority
objective, including the potential for top-down interventions.(Tab.1, points 6, 14).
A top-down approach has been adopted by the EU to oblige the Sicilian Region to individuate marine
SCIs and provide them with a management plan. This approach started with a devolution that allowed
the Ministry of the Environment to charge Sicily to designate Natura 2000 marine sites within
December 2011. In order to comply with this request the Sicilian government gave the status of
marine SCIs to existing Sicilian MPAs in order to accelerate the approval of the management plans of
Natura 2000 sites.
L3 Adopting a sensitive but effective approach to legal interventions to address conflicts that would
otherwise undermine the fulfilment of the priority objective, whilst avoiding a complete ‘command-
and-control’ approach. (Tab.1, points 1, 16; Tab. 2, points, 1, 2).
These approaches are contained in the MPA regulations and in the local and national fishery plans.
L5 Effective system for enforcing restrictions and penalising transgressors in a way that provides an
appropriate level of deterrence eg at national, EU or international level.
As it is clear from the interviews, compliance of restrictions in the Egadi MPA is still poorly enforced.
However, some initiatives of the MPA management body, along with some measures contained in the
LFMP (Tab.1, points 1, 15,16; Tab.2, points, 1, 2) include incentives aimed at improving the
surveillance of the protected area using also local fishers and volunteers.
L9 Legal or other official basis for coordination between different sectoral agencies and their related
sectoral policies, aimed at addressing cross-sectoral conflicts in order to support the achievement of
the priority objective.

This important incentive is still lacking even if a first official attempting to create a inter-sectoral
coordination has been recently established inside the LFMP (Fig. 4).

5.5 Participative incentives
P1 Developing participative governance structures and processes that support collaborative planning
and decision-making, eg user committees, participative GIS, postal consultations on proposals that
provide for detailed feedback, participative planning workshops, etc, including training to support
such approaches.
A first attempt of such incentive is represented by the governance body instituted inside the LFMP
(Fig. 4).

5.2 A discussion on how you think governance could be improved to better meet the priority
objective and to address related conflicts through improved individual or combinations of incentives.
The command-and-control approach has not produced any positive effect mainly due to an ineffective
mechanism of enforcement, patrolling and control of the various activities going on in the Egadi MPA.
The idea that no certain heavy fine will be generated by the inobservance of the rules has encouraged
illegal activities with negative effects on natural resources. In the absence of an integrated approach to
the management of the MPA, the mechanism of the incentives is the only one that is allowing the
applications of some conservation measures (point 5.1). Economic incentives are the most efficient
because they raise a big interests among stakeholders. In the past, economic incentives to the fishery

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