Page 9 - EAI-4_2015_30_36
P. 9

the EQS of 5 μg/kg. This presence could explain the       compliance with the EQS (annual average in particular)
detection in passive sampling due to the remobilization   defined by the WFD for priority substances.
of sediment with consequent resuspension of TBT.
TBT will probably cause problems long after it has been   $FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV
banned, remaining a matter of concern and requiring       The authors would like to acknowledge the MPA Egadi
monitoring for the years to come.                         Islands’ Director, Dr. Stefano Donati, for his assistance,
These findings confirm that pollution threats to marine   Dr. Daniela Sammartano and Dr. Monica Russo for the
systems (like the dispersion of pollutants, in our        coordination and logistic help on site, and the divers, Dr.
case) should be addressed by MPAs also through the        Niccolò Ponzè and Dr.Pietro Patti Genovese,for the crucial
development and implementation of smarter monitoring      work of positioning passive sampling devices. O
systems [19]. Passive sampling devices proved to be
useful to cope with this kind of pollution, particularly                                 Paolo Massanisso, Carla Ubaldi, Salvatore Chiavarini,
if extremely low levels have to be detected [20], in                                      Massimo Pezza, Sigfrido Cannarsa, Andrea Bordone
                                                                                ENEA, Sustainable Territorial and Production Systems Department

references  BD+HќVYU23L^PZ11VOUZ[VU,(U[PMV\SPUNZ[YH[LNPLZ!/PZ[VY`HUKYLN\SH[PVULJVSVNPJHSPTWHJ[ZHUKTP[PNH[PVUMarine Pollution Bulletin (62), 453–465
            [2] Lauridsen F., (2005), Review of passive accumulation devices for monitoring organicmicropollutants in the aquatic environment, Enviromental Pollution (136), 503-524
            BD;LYSPaaP(+LSVZ(.HYH]LU[H--HPTHSP4.LYHJP:3PTP[LKLќLJ[P]LULZZVMTHYPULWYV[LJ[LKHYLHZ!PTWVZL_PU/L_HWSL_[Y\UJ\S\Z.HZ[YVWVKH4\YPJPKHL

               populationsfrom Italian marine reserves, Marine Pollution Bulletin (48), 164-192
            [4] N. Voulvoulis, M. D. Scrimshaw, J. N. Lester, (1999), Analytical method development for the determination of four biocides used in antifouling paints in estuarine waters and

               sediments by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Chromatographia, 50, 353-357
            BD:4HUaV.(UZHULSSP37HYYLSSH.+P3HUKH74HZZHUPZZV::JOPH]V*4PUVWVSP)3HUaH9)VNNPH7(SLRZPHUK(;HIHR\(ÄYZ[L]HS\H[PVUVM[OL

               threat posed by antifouling biocides in the Southern Adriatic sea, Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts (16), 1981–1993
            [6] Harman C., Boyum O., Tollefsen K., Thomas K., Grung M., (2008), Uptake of some selected aquatic pollutants in semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and the

               polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS), Journal of Environmental Monitoring (10), 239–247
            BD2VUZ[HU[PUV\0(SIHUPZ;>VYSK^PKLVJJ\YYLUJLHUKLќLJ[ZVMHU[PMV\SPUNWHPU[IVVZ[LYIPVJPKLZPU[OLHX\H[PJLU]PYVUTLU[!HYL]PL^, Environment International

               (30), 235- 248
            BD<2[LJOUPJHSHK]PZVY`NYV\WVU[OL^H[LYMYHTL^VYRKPYLJ[P]L7YVWVZHSZMVYM\Y[OLYLU]PYVUTLU[HSX\HSP[`Z[HUKHYKZMVYZWLJPÄJWVSS\[HU[ZPriority substances

               workshop, (2014), Norwegian Environment Agency
            [9] Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, (1999), Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: Chlorothalonil. In: Canadian environmental

               quality guidelines, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg
            [10] Wezel A.,Vlaardingen P., (2003), Environmental risk limits for antifouling substances, Aquatic Toxicology (66), 427-444
            [11] International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling System on Ships (2001). International Maritime Organization, London
            [12] B. Antizar-Ladislao, (2008), Environmental levels, toxicity and human exposure to tributyltin (TBT)-contaminated marine environment. A review, Environ. Int. (34), 292-308
            [13] Chiavarini S., Ubaldi C., Cannarsa S., (2014), Biocides in antifouling paints: environmental concentration levels and distribution, Energia Ambiente Innovazione (1), 52-56
            [14] Braga de Castro I., Perina F.C., Fillmann G., (2012) Organotin contamination in South American coastal areas, Environ Monit Assess (184), 1781–1799
            BD.VRZV`Y(;VSSLMZLU2.Y\UN43VRLU23PL,ALURLY(-LU[2:JOSHIHJO4/\ILY: )HSZH9HM[*YVZZPUN[OL7HJPÄJ-PUKZ3V^*VU[HTPUHU[3L]LSZ

                Environmental Science & Technology (43), 13
            [16] Massanisso P., Marcoaldi C., Nardi E., (2014), Passive sampling of antifouling compounds in compliance with the Water Framework Directive, Energia Ambiente

                Innovazione (1), 67-71
            [17] Chiavarini S., Massanisso P., Nicolai P., Nobili C., Morabito R., 2003, Butyltins concentration levels and imposex occurrence in snails from the Sicilian coasts (Italy),

                Chemosphere (50), 311-319
            [18] Cicero A., Nonnis O., Romano E., Finoia M., Bergamin L., Graziosi M., Balocchi C., Focardi S., (2004), Detection of TBT residues in Italian marine sediments, Chemistry

                and Ecology (20), s319-s331
            [19] Marrucci A., Marras B., Campisi S., Schintu M., (2013), Using SPMDs to monitor the seawater concentrations of PAHs and PCBs in marine protected areas (Western

                Mediterranean), Marine Pollution Bulletin (75), 69-75
            BD4VZJOL[*=LYTLPYZZLU*:LPa97MLќLYSP//VSSLUKLY17PJVNYHTWLYSP[LYKL[LJ[PVUZVMW`YL[OYVPKZHUKVYNHUVWOVZWOH[LZPUZ\YMHJL^H[LYZ\ZPUNWHZZP]L

                sampling, Water Research (66), 411-422

36 EAI Energia, Ambiente e Innovazione 4/2015
   4   5   6   7   8   9