Page 13 - Himes_2007

ARTICLE IN PRESS
A.H. Himes / Ocean & Coastal Management 50 (2007) 329–351 341

Table 3 (continued )
Element of Applies to responses Suggested performance Suggested management
management regarding: indicator intervention
Outputs The quantity or quality Improve basic services, Increase enforcement/
of products or services signage, port, facilities compliance
delivered directly from Increase enforcement/ Increase quantity of
management compliance educational materials
Increase accuracy and Biological rest period
quantity of information put into effect
Research and Research and
monitoring conducted monitoring conducted
Provide means to clean
up pollution
User fees implemented
for visitors

Outcomes Biological or ecological Decrease in pollution None
improvements Environment protected
and repopulated (e.g.
habitat is protected,
increase in fish biomass)
Economic changes Increase in economic Work provided to locals
development Decrease prices of
Community benefits transport and living
economically from MPA
Tourism increases
Tourism is maintained
or decreases
Positive changes in Community recognizes Obtain better quality
social behaviors or the benefits of an MPA tourism
attitudes Community begins to Local traditions
value the MPA maintained and
Obtain better quality supported
tourism
No more conflict
Increased awareness of Local community is Managers take fishers
stakeholders helped to cope with and the local community
MPA into account in
management

indicators that are directly associated with the resources and threats to resources that they
identified previously.
A noticeable result is that no one from any group nominated a management input. This
is an interesting finding as it goes against the idea that in order to successfully obtain many
of the other indicators, there must be staff associated with the management body that can
undertake necessary work and there must be adequate funding available to carry out any
projects relevant to making the MPA successful. In this case, however, it appears that