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Additional file 3

Biogeographic comments on green toads on Circum-Sicilian islands

Green toads have been detected on the circum-Sicilian islands of Lipari, Salina, Ustica,

Favignana, and Marettimo, and are known to have been introduced on Vulcano and Isola Grande

dello Stagnone, but are probably not naturalized [41, 105, 106, 107]. A new report of a possible

introduction on Pantellaria Island, of unknown origin, has been made [108]. No tissue sample for

DNA analyses was collected, so the origin cannot be determined at this time. Gasc et al. [109]

mapped green toads on Malta “after 1970”. However, Savona Ventura (in litt.) reported that

exclusively Pleistocene fossils have been found on Malta [110], perhaps from a colonization

event out of Sicily during low sea levels, since the submarine plateau between Malta and Sicily is

shallower than –95 m.

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