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V. Garilli, 2008
whorls. Protoconch I consisting of about 0.8 whorls
sculptured by 5–6 fine spiral lirae interspersed spirally
and irregularly with microscopic granules. Protoconch II
consisting of about 1.2 whorls sculptured by pimples,
which are irregular in size and arrangement. They are
larger and less numerous in the adapical position; fused
into very short prosocline tracts in central part. In the
abapical part of late protoconch, groups of pimples are
irregularly fused into fine, discontinuous spiral ridges.
Protoconch/teleoconch transition well-marked and sinu-
ous. Teleoconch consisting of 3.8–4.6 (4.2 in holotype)
rather convex whorls, with strong cancellate sculpture
formed by intersection of equally developed spiral cords
and axial ribs. Cords are narrow and well raised, num-
bering 2, 6–7 (6 in holotype) and 13–15 (14 in holotype)
in early, penultimate and body whorl, respectively. Two
adapical cords are usually more pronounced in penulti-
mate and last whorl. Cords are markedly stronger and
more widely spaced on base. Secondary cords may com-
mence on late body whorl, at a certain distance from
outer lip. Axial sculpture consists of narrow raised ribs
numbering 24–32 (26 in holotype) on the penultimate
whorl. On base, ribs progressively become very narrow to
obsolete toward columellar area. Intersection of spiral
and axial sculpture, producing nodular small knobs,
forms a rectangular pattern (with major side of rect-
angles perpendicular to shell axis) except on last whorl,
where a quadrangular to rhomboidal pattern occurs (Fig-
ure 43). Microsculpture of very early teleoconch whorls
consists of micropustules, sometimes fused, forming spi-
rally, discontinuous and irregular rows, mainly occurring
between spiral cords (Figure 42); weak growth lines are
present. Fine sculpture of the rest of teleoconch limited
to weak growth lines (Figure 43). Suture slightly in-
clined. Last whorl well-developed, comprising about
three fourths of shell height. It may bear single (paratype francescoi new species, consisting of well-raised, sub-
6) or double (paratype 4, Figure 37) varices, at angles of
about 50° and 70° respectively. Aperture wide, ovate,
and with a rounded profile in the posterior part, com-
prising about two thirds to three fourths of last whorl
height. Outer lip orthocline, internally smooth, externally and much less developed last whorl, and a proportionally
markedly thickened by a strong, sometimes doubled
(Figure 31), rim, occurring very close to its edge and
covered by spiral cords. Inner lip moderately arcuate and
rather thickened, with thin callus delimitating very nar-
row umbilical chink.
Type Locality: Lower Pleistocene of Cartiera Mulino
(36°56Ј57Љ N, 14°34Ј03Љ E), Vittoria, Ragusa, SE Sicily.
The stratotype is the phanerogams-rich 3D1 layer of
Costa (1989). This deposit crops out at about one hun-
dred meters from the abandoned paper-mill known as
Cartiera Mulino. Paleoenvironmental and stratigraphic
information about this site are given by Costa (1989).
Type Material: Holotype (4.3 × 2.8 mm), DGUP
CMRG 005/488, coll. V. Garilli. Paratype 1 (4.1 × 2.7
mm), DGUP CMRG 006/489, coll. V. Garilli; paratype 2
(4.8 × 3 mm), ZMA Moll. 4.07.007 (ex CM GR 007/490,
coll. Garilli); paratype 3 (4 × 2.7 mm), ZMB MB.Ga.2479
Page 29
(ex CMGR 008/49, coll. V. Garilli); paratype 4 (4.2 × 2.9
mm), MNHN A25950 (ex CMGR 009/492, coll. V.
Garilli); paratype 5 (4.6 × 3.1 mm), DGUP CMGR 010/
493, coll. V. Garilli; paratype 6 (4.5 × 3.1 mm), DGUP
CM GR 011/494, coll. V. Garilli. All type material is from
the type locality, 3D1 layer. DATE?
Etymology: The species honors the name of both
Francesco Garilli senior, my father and first mentor in
my life, and of Francesco Garilli junior, my son.
Habitat: All the shells came from the 3D1 layer of
Costa (1989). The paleoenviromental reconstruction for
this layer was characterized by Costa (1989) as compa-
rable with the Mediterranean marine-marginal modern
ecotone HP (Posidonia beds)-SVMC (sensu Pérès and
Picard, 1964). It is interesting that the 3D1 layer is quite
rich in Posidonia remains mainly consisting of leaves.
Distribution: This species is known from type locality
only, lower Pleistocene of Cartiera Mulino, Vittoria, Ra-
gusa, SE Sicily.
Remarks: This quite characteristic species shows a ga-
leodiniform shape, having a quite inflated and well-
developed (also with double varix) last whorl and a large
aperture provided with an internally smooth outer lip.
However, its spiral sculpture does not markedly prevail
over the axial, as in the typical Alvania carinata. Its mi-
crosculpture, limited to the early teleoconch whorls, is
similar to that observed in the analogous whorls of A.
carinata, but in the latter this microsculpture is distrib-
uted over the entire teleoconch.
The strongly cancellated sculptural pattern of A.
equal spiral and axial elements forming marked nodular
intersections, resembles that shown by A. cimicoides
(Forbes, 1844). The latter species, showing a more typi-
cal Alvania shape, has a more slender shell, a less inflated
smaller aperture with denticulations on the inner part of
the outer lip.
Alvania francescoi new species can also be compared
with A. rosariae new species described later in this re-
port. Remarks on their similarities and differences will
be dealt with in the section dedicated to the latter spe-
cies.
Alvania lactea (Michaud, 1830)
(Figures 44–49 and 53–61)
Rissoa lactea Michaud, 1830: 9–10, figs. 11–12
Rissoa (Massotia) lactea Michaud.—Bucquoy et al., 1884: 298,
pl. 25, figs. 7–13
Massotia Dajerleini Monterosato ex-Schwartz ms, 1889: 33.
Massotia lactea (Michaud) forma Dajerleini Monterosato,
1917: 12.
Description: Shell sturdy, conical-ovate to cylindrical-
ovate, occasionally almost pupoid, reaching 5.2 mm in