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modifying the systematic arrangement of Monterosato
(1884) and Bucquoy et al. (1884), stated that grouping of
the numerous species of Alvania was very difficult at the
subgenus level. The same author included Massotia (type
species: Rissoa lactea Michaud, 1830) and Galeodinopsis
(type species: R. tiberiana Coppi, 1876) in the Alvania
sensu stricto group and doubtfully considered Galeodina
(type species Turbo carinatus Da Costa, 1778) as a valid
subgenus on the basis of shell characters. Piani (1979)
raised Galeodina to generic level and placed Rissoa cin-
gulata Philippi, 1836, and R. tenera Philippi, 1844,
therein.
The principal aim of this work is to provide, for the
first time, as complete as possible a taxonomic dataset
based on shell features. Species such as Rissoa cingulata,
[often misidentified as Alvania carinata (Da Costa,
1778)], R. prusi Fischer, 1877, and R. tiberiana Coppi,
1876, are very poorly known or, in the case of the last
taxon, the generic attribution to Alvania appears incor-
rect. I also describe two new species from the Pleisto-
cene of the central Mediterranean area.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Most of the examined material, all consisting of shells, is
housed in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle,
Paris (Département Systématique et Evolution), in the
private collections of Maurizio Forli (Prato, Italy) and of tion of any varix on the body whorl is indicated in degrees
Stefano Palazzi (Modena, Italy). Remaining material is
housed in the private collections of medshells.com (made
available by Nino Adorni Sbrana, Grosseto, Italy), Ste-
fano Rufini (Anguillara), in the Museum für Naturkunde
(Humboldt University, Berlin), the Museo Geologico
G.G. Gemmellaro and the Dipartimento di Geologia e
Geodesia (both University of Palermo, Italy), in the Gou-
landris Natural History Museum (Kifissia, Athens), the
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra of the University of
Catania, Italy, the Zoologisch Museum of Amsterdam,
the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle of Paris (Dé-
partement Histoire de la Terre), and in my personal col-
lection. Many other private collections were visited.
In the parts dedicated to each species, a list of the
material is provided with all information given in the
original labels. An abbreviated list of essential synonymy
and/or citations is provided.
The fossil material (all from the Mediterranean area),
from the deposits of Dattilo (NW Sicily), Cartiera
Mulino (Vittoria, SE Sicily, type locality of Alvania
francescoi new species and Alvania rosariae new spe-
cies), and Kyllini (Elea, NW Peloponnesus, Greece), was
obtained by washing bulk samples on a serial sieves (0.5,
1, and 2 mm square meshes) and sorted using a stereo-
microscope. The same procedure was followed for the
Recent bulk samples collected from Magnisi (Siracusa,
SE Sicily, the type locality of Rissoa cingulata Philippi,
1836) and Mondello (Palermo, NW Sicily) specifically to
THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 122, No. 1
recover that species. Geological, stratigraphic and paleo-
ecological information on the deposits of Cartiera
Mulino, Dattilo and Kyllini are taken from Costa (1989),
Garilli (1998; 2004), Garilli et al. (2005a; 2005b) and
Garilli and Galletti (2007). The stratigraphic information
on the Sicilian deposits of Birgi (Trapani) and Tommaso
Natale (Palermo, originally attributed to the upper
Pleistocene Thyrrenian by Ruggieri and Milone, 1973)
are from Ruggieri and Unti (1988) and Hearty et al.
(1986), respectively. For the remaining fossil ma-
terial (mainly from Coll. Forli ex-coll. Palazzi), I followed
the stratigraphic attributions reported by the col-
lectors.
For all the discussed species, at least five shells were
studied by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) us-
ing a Philips XL30 ESEM, except for the (sole) syntype
of Rissoa prusi and R. cingulata, of which there were
only three shells available. Specimens examined by SEM
were cleaned in a Bransonic 5 ultrasonic machine using
distilled water. Particular attention was given to proto-
conchs and teleoconch microsculptures as potential
sources of taxonomic characters at species level. The
number of protoconch whorls were counted according to
Verduin’s method (1977).
Shells were measured using a stereo microscope pro-
vided with a cross-line micrometer eyepiece. The posi-
of the angles formed by the plane of the varix and of the
outer lip.
Geographic, bathymetric, and stratigraphic distribu-
tion of each discussed species is based on the examined
material and the literature. Published records were criti-
cally evaluated on the basis of good illustrations or sat-
isfactory descriptions. This type of dataset allows for just
a rough representation of the geographical distribution,
especially for the Adriatic Sea and the easternmost Medi-
terranean basin, of which I found very little material
from the collections studied.
Abbreviations are used as following: DGUP: Diparti-
mento di Geologia e Geodesia, Università di Palermo,
Italy; DSTC: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Uni-
versità di Catania, Italy; GNHM: Goulandris Natural
History Museum, Kifissia, Athens, Greece; MGUP: Mu-
seo Geologico G.G. Gemmellaro, Università di Palermo,
Italy; MNHN-DHT: Muséum National d’Histoire Na-
turelle, Département Histoire de la Terre, Paris, France;
MNHN-DSE: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle,
Département Systématique et Evolution, Paris, France;
MPOB: Dipartimento del Museo di Paleobiologia e
dell’Orto Botanico, Università di Modena e Reggio
Emilia, Modena, Italy; MSNCS: Museo Regionale di
Storia Naturale e Mostra Permanente del Carretto Sicil-
iano, Terrasini, Italy; ZMA: Zoologisch Museum Amster-
dam, Holland; ZMB: Museum für Naturkunde, Hum-
boldt Universität, Berlin, Germany; Coll.: collection;
Coll. MF: Maurizio Forli collection, Prato, Italy; Coll.
PAL: Stefano Palazzi collection, Modena, Italy; Sh(s):
shell(s), used in the Material Examined sections only.