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8.2.5 Economic development

• To diversify the economy of the islands, the EESC recommends developing market “niches” based on
traditional activities, local resources and e-commerce.
• The EESC recommends developing short supply chains, the circular economy and labels based on
geographical indications (GIs) to sell high added-value products from the primary sector (seafood,
agriculture).

8.2.6 Scientific initiatives

• The EESC draws the attention of the European Commission and the Member States to the fact that
islands are territories suitable for testing innovation. As such, islands should be supported in hosting
pilot projects, particularly in the fields of ICT, energy, transport, waste and water management,
commerce and fisheries.

• The EESC welcomes the development of scientific and educational initiatives in the areas of
renewable energy, marine protected areas and marine conservation, and preservation of cultural
heritage. These initiatives create jobs and growth, particularly in small islands.
8.2.7 Governance

• The EESC recommends that local authorities use an interactive approach involving residents and civil
society when designing and implementing a project.
• The EESC recommends that small islands exchange knowledge and develop cooperation when
answering local challenges. On this point, the EESC considers that the Pact of Islands is a powerful
initiative, particularly in the fight against climate change.

9. Conclusions

Identical challenges but varied responses, due to opportunities, history and geographical situation.
Some islands have very similar circumstances, such as Favignana and Île d’Yeu, which used to be
major centres for tuna fishing which has virtually disappeared due to European regulations. Mallorca
and Saaremaa are industrial. Samsø and Kythnos are betting on energy self-sufficiency.

Development via tourism is a reality, but has to deal with the high degree of seasonality which is
emphasised on islands.
The lack of jobs and the need to go to the mainland for secondary and higher education leads to
a brain drain of young people and an ageing population, which has implications for all sectors but
especially for healthcare demand.

Communication and promotion of islands and their unique aspects are an important factor for
development, but circumstances vary widely in this respect, as illustrated by Kythnos, a wind power
producing island that is far less well known than other Aegean islands.
The fact remains that attracting tourists, preserving an often exceptional environment, making greater
use of ICT and sources of renewable energy, and communicating on the strengths of islands, are the
pillars of economic and social development on islands.

The EESC will continue to support islands, in its role as bridge between civil society and the EU.

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