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RSL was at −2.1 ± 1.1 m at ~3.9 ka BP and at −1.8 ± 1.1 m at 2.8 ka BP. placing the RSL below −23.5 m at ~9.7 ka BP. A suite of basal index
A limiting point constrains the RSL below −0.8 m at ~2.0 ka BP. Multiple points documents a continuous rise in RSL during the mid-Holocene.
index and limiting points indicate RSL rose to within ~1 m of modern RSL was at −9.3±0.8 m at ~7.5 ka BP rising to −5.5±0.8 m at
MSL from ~1.5 ka BP to present. ~6.6 ka BP. At ~5.5 ka BP, index and limiting points indicate RSL was
at ~−3m. There is considerable scatter in the late-Holocene index
5.15. Southern Tunisia (#15) points, most likely due to compaction. Multiple index points indicate
RSL was between −1and −2 m at ~4.0 ka BP. One basal index point in-
The RSL database for the southern Tunisian coast includes 18 index dicates that RSL rose to −1.4±0.7 m at ~2.5 ka BP. Scatter in the index
points and 20 limiting points and is restricted to the last ~7.4 ka BP points increases during the last ~2.0 ka and the large error bars did not
(Fig. 9, #15). Data come from a lagoon core in the Gulf of Gabes, as allow us to satisfactorily reconcile the RSL history during this period.
well as from beachrock samples and archaeological surveys undertaken However, the youngest index point places the RSL at −0.4±0.6 m at
near Djerba Island. RSL was –0.6±0.9 m at ~7.4 ka BP and rose to ~0.6 ka BP. A younger limiting point constrains the RSL to below
0.1±1.1 m at ~6.8 ka BP. Multiple index limiting points indicate RSL −0.3 m at ~0.3 ka BP.
was above the present MSL for the remaining part of the mid-
Holocene. Two marine limiting points constrain it to above 1.7±0.3 m 5.17. Northeastern Adriatic Sea (#17)
at ~5.5 ka BP while terrestrial limiting points suggest RSL did not exceed
1.4±0.4 m during the same period. At ~4.0 ka BP, RSL dropped to the The RSL database for the northeastern Adriatic Sea is composed of 28
present datum and remained within ~−0.4 m and ~0.4 m in the late index points and 6 limiting points (Fig. 10, #17). Data come from marsh
Holocene. Intercalated index points indicate RSL was at 0±0.6 m at and lagoon cores near Trieste, on the Istrian coast and on Pag Island. Off-
~3.1 ka BP and at 0.1±0.6 m at ~2.5 ka BP. At ~1.8 ka BP, two shore cores undertaken during geological and geo-archaeological sur-
archeological index points place the RSL at ~−0.3 m while an intercalat- veys in the Gulf of Trieste and on the Istrian coast provided additional
ed index point places the RSL at 0.4±0.6 m. At ~0.6 ka BP, RSL was at index and limiting points. The oldest limiting point places the RSL
−0.1±0.6 m. below -28 m at 10.9 ka BP. During the early Holocene, multiple interca-
lated index and limiting points indicate that RSL was between −28 and
5.16. Venice and Friuli lagoons (#16) −23 m between 10 and 9.6 ka BP. However, one basal index point
places the RSL at −22±1.2 m at ~9.6 ka BP. In the mid-Holocene, two
The RSL history in this region is composed of 49 index points and 9 basal index points constrain the RSL to -2.9±1.0 m at ~5.0 ka BP. At
limiting points (Fig. 10, #16). Most of the data are from coring and ~3.1 ka BP one intercalated index point from Trieste placed the RSL at
geoarchaeological surveys of Venice lagoon. Additional index and limit- −0.1±0.8 m while a coeval basal index point from the Istrian coast
ing points derive from cores on the Friuli coastal plain and the lagoons of places the RSL at -1.29±1.1 m. At ~2.0 ka BP multiple archaeological
Grado-Marano and Caorle, and near the town of Monfalcone. RSL is not index and limiting points place the RSL between −1.75 and −1.4 m.
well constrained in the early Holocene with the oldest limiting point In the northern part of the Gulf of Trieste, the archaeological data are

Fig. 10. RSL reconstructions in Venice and Friuli lagoons (#16), northeastern Adriatic Sea (#17), and northwestern Adriatic Sea (#18). Index points (boxes) are plotted as calibrated age
against change in sea level relative to the present. Limiting points are plotted as terrestrial or marine horizontal lines. Dimensions of boxes and lines for each point based on 2s elevation
and age errors. The relative sea-level data are compared to a prediction (red line with minimum and maximum errors) from the SELEN model (see Section 4). Red dots represent the
approximate location of RSL data-points. Vl, Venice lagoon; Cl, Caorle lagoon; Gl, Grado lagoon; Mf, Monfalcone. Tr, Gulf of Trieste, Pg, Pag Island. Pd, Po Delta; Cm, Comacchio coastal
plain; Rp, Romagna coastal plain.