Page 9 - Bacc_Pagoto_&C_2015

Author's personal copy

8 Ann Microbiol (2015) 65:1–13

Fig. 2 Cluster analysis of the a Phylum distribution
taxonomic composition of 150000
bacterial communities of the three 100000
samples of Faraglioni beach.
50000
Clustering was performed on
0
bacterial relative abundance
patterns by applying the UPGMA upper.line value
algorithm. The patterns of relative 0.0
0.2
abundance were used to generate mid.line 0.4
a heat-map and the occurrence 0.6
0.8
values are reported as a barchart
1.0
shore.line
upon the heat-map. a Phylum
level; b) Class level; c)Order
Deinococcus−Thermus
Actinobacteria Bacteroidetes Verrucomicrobia Cyanobacteria Acidobacteria Fusobacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes
level Chlamydiae Chloroflexi Firmicutes Nitrospirae
Assignments
b Class distribution
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
mid.line value
0.0
0.2
shore.line 0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
upper.line
Sphingobacteriia
Nitrospira (class)
Alphaproteobacteria
Deltaproteobacteria
Verrucomicrobiae
Gammaproteobacteria
unclassified Bacteroidetes
Actinobacteria (class) Bacteroidia Flavobacteriia Chlamydiia Opitutae Chloroflexi (class) Cyanobacteria Deinococci Holophagae Bacilli Clostridia Fusobacteriia Phycisphaerae Planctomycetia Betaproteobacteria Epsilonproteobacteria Spirochaetia
Assignments
c Order distribution
15000
10000
5000
0
value
mid.line
0.0
0.2
0.4
shore.line
0.6
0.8
upper.line 1.0
Desulfovibrionales
Myxococcales
Desulfuromonadales
Hydrogenophilales
Sneathiellales
Desulfobacterales
Nitrosomonadales
Methylococcales
Spirochaetales
unclassified Gammaproteobacteria
Pseudomonadales
Oceanospirillales
Thiotrichales
Vibrionales
Campylobacterales
Aeromonadales
Chromatiales
Enterobacteriales
Puniceicoccales
Chlamydiales
Sphingobacteriales
Cyanobacteria
Acanthopleuribacterales
Verrucomicrobiales
Flavobacteriales
Solirubrobacterales
Actinomycetales
Acidimicrobiales Rubrobacterales unclassified Bacteroidetes Chloroflexales Lactobacillales Phycisphaerales Kordiimonadales Rhodobacterales Burkholderiales Bdellovibrionales Syntrophobacterales Alteromonadales Legionellales Salinisphaerales Xanthomonadales
Bacteroidales
Thermoleophilales
Euzebyales
Deinococcales
unclassified Alphaproteobacteria
Parvularculales
Kiloniellales
Sphingomonadales
Rhodospirillales
Rhizobiales
Bacillales
Fusobacteriales
Clostridiales
Caulobacterales
Planctomycetales
Nitrospirales
Assignments
humid zone (the damp band) to an arid area, subjected to strong sublittoral, dunal and retrodunal environments are usually per-
fluctuations of salinity and temperature. This quite narrow (often formed after a careful check of protected species, concerning the
a few meters in the Mediterranean area) zone is relatively supralittoral zone, most parts of nourishment are performed with
neglected by biologists as a reservoir of biodiversity (in compar- no or little attention for micro-, meio- and endofauna. However,
ison to the dune ecosystem). On the contrary, beach sediments interventions (as beach cleaning, sand movements with caterpil-
(especially those devoted to recreational use) are usually subject- lars, etc.) are normal practices, especially in touristic areas
ed to government controls, concerning the environmental quality (McLachlan and Brown 2006; Schlacher et al. 2007).
and the presence of pathogens. Despite the fact that in sensitive Nevertheless, sandy beaches are an ecosystem linked to the
areas, as Marine Protected Areas, all the interventions on littoral, degradation of organic material of terrestrial and marine origin