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           Ann Microbiol (2015) 65:1–13                                                                      9

           Fig. 3 Identification of         Acidobacteria     Actinobacteria     Bacteroidetes     Chlamydiae
           abundance trends in bacterial  800           12000             12000
           Phyla along the Y-axis. Panels
                                       600                                 9000               20
           show the trends of abundance of              8000
           main Phyla along the Y-axis.  400                               6000
           Shown Phyla have observed                    4000                                  10
           differences that are significant at  200                        3000
           P<0.05 after a resampling    0                  0                  0                0
           analysis and Wilcoxon test. For   Chloroflexi      Cyanobacteria   Deinococcus−Thermus   Firmicutes
                                      Number of hits  2                       4              1500
           each plot abscissa is indicated the  3                             6
           Y-axis sample, while on the                    80                                 2000
           ordinate is the number of reads                60
           accounting for that phylum   1                 40                  2              1000



                                        0                 20 0                0               500 0
                                           Planctomycetes     Proteobacteria     Spirochaetes     Verrucomicrobia
                                                        60000                 2
                                        60
                                                        40000                                 100
                                        40                                    1
                                                        20000                                 50
                                        20
                                        0                  0                  0                0
                                           shore.linemid.lineupper.line  shore.linemid.lineupper.line  shore.linemid.lineupper.line  shore.linemid.lineupper.line
                                                                         Sample


                                                                                              5
                                                                                         4
           (Misic and Fabiano 2005; Schlacher et al. 2008;Ugolini and  number of bacterial cells (from 10 to 10 cells/g as detected
           Ungherese 2012). Surprisingly, here we have shown that, despite  by the qPCR approach), lower than soil but comparable to those
           the low organic carbon present (for reference with agricultural  found in the plant endosphere (Mengoni et al. 2005, 2009;Pini
           soils, see, for instance, Ludwig et al. 2011) and the extreme  et al. 2012) and lower than those found in La Jolla (California)
           conditions, the sampled sandy beaches contain appreciable  sandy beaches (Glavin et al. 2004) and in Mediterranean sea

           Fig. 4 Cluster analysis for         a                              FirmicutesFamilydistribution
           Firmicutes and Proteobacteria.                          1000
                                                                   800
           The analysis was performed as                           600
                                                                   400
           those reported in the legend of                         200
                                                                   0
           Figure 3, byinspectingthe
                                                                  upper.line                           value
           diversity at family level for                                                                0.0
                                                                                                        0.2
           Firmicutes (a)and Proteobacteria                       mid.line                              0.4
                                                                                                        0.6
           (b)                                                                                          0.8
                                                                                                        1.0
                                                                  shore.line
                                                                      Bacillaceae  Paenibacillaceae  Planococcaceae  Clostridiaceae  Lachnospiraceae  Peptostreptococcaceae  Ruminococcaceae
                                                                                   Assignments
                                               b                   Proteobacteriafamilydistribution
                                                      10000
                                                       8000
                                                       6000
                                                       4000
                                                       2000
                                                       0
                                                     mid.line                                             value
                                                                                                            0.0
                                                                                                            0.2
                                                     shore.line                                             0.4
                                                                                                            0.6
                                                                                                            0.8
                                                                                                            1.0
                                                     upper.line
                                                                                            Methylococcaceae
                                                                                              Alcanivoracaceae
                                                                                         Ectothiorhodospiraceae
                                                                                         Chromatiaceae
                                                                                                     Xanthomonadaceae
                                                                                                     Vibrionaceae
                                                                                                  Moraxellaceae
                                                       Caulobacteraceae Methylocystaceae Xanthobacteraceae Rhodospirillaceae  Alcaligenaceae Oxalobacteraceae Desulfohalobiaceae Cystobacteraceae Syntrophobacteraceae  Colwelliaceae Enterobacteriaceae Halomonadaceae Pseudomonadaceae
                                                                                                Oceanospirillaceae
                                                                                      Alteromonadaceae
                                                                       Burkholderiaceae
                                                           Phyllobacteriaceae
                                                         Brucellaceae
                                                                        Comamonadaceae
                                                                   Sphingomonadaceae
                                                                Acetobacteraceae
                                                                   Erythrobacteraceae
                                                              Rhodobiaceae
                                                               Rhodobacteraceae
                                                                                  Nannocystaceae
                                                                                     Aeromonadaceae
                                                                                   Polyangiaceae
                                                         Hyphomicrobiaceae
                                                                           Desulfobulbaceae
                                                                          Desulfobacteraceae
                                                                              Desulfuromonadaceae
                                                                             Desulfovibrionaceae
                                                                              Assignments
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