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The marine limpet Patella ferruginea 273

for the species indicated a decrease of .80% in the next 10 marocaine: situation actuelle et perspectives. Rapport du Congrès de
years (criterion A3) if the present collection rates continue at la Comission Internationale pour l’Exploration Scientifique de la
Mer Méditerranée, 37, 489.
harvested sites (without larvae supply from well-preserved
BAZAIRI, H., & BENHISSOUNE,S. (2007) Les Mollusques marins
populations; Rivera-Ingraham et al., 2011), and many
protégés en Méditerranée marocaine: statut actuel et état de
populations of P. ferruginea have shown a decrease of conservation. In Ambientes mediterráneos. Funcionamiento,
.80% in the last 10 years (criterion A2), as reported by our biodiversidad y conservación de los ecosistemas mediterráneos.
study, including the populations of the southern Iberian Colección Medio Ambiente: 2 (ed. M. Paracuellos), pp. 49–63.
Peninsula, Corsica, Italy, Egadi and Pantelleria islands Instituto de Estudios Almerienses (Diputación de Almería),
Almería, Spain.
and the Tunisian mainland. The PVA by Rivera-Ingraham
BAZAIRI, H., SALVATI, E., BENHISSOUNE, S., TUNESI, L., RAIS, C.,
et al. (2011) showed an extinction probability of .50% in the AGNESI, S. et al. (2004) Considerations on a population of the
same period (criterion E). Their analysis was carried out endangered marine mollusc Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791
on one of the most important relict populations (in Ceuta), (Gastropoda, Patellidae) in the Cala Iris islet (National Park of
and any PVA analysis of other small populations would Al Hoceima-Morocco, Alboran Sea). Bolletino Malacologico, 40,
95–100.
probably reveal a greater extinction probability.
BIAGI,V. & POLI,D.(1986) Considerazioni su una popolazione
The fact that P. ferruginea occurs on artificial substrates di Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1971 per le acque del Promontorio di
throughout the western Mediterranean (Espinosa et al., Piombino. Bolletino Malacologico, 22, 171–174.
2009a; García-Gómez et al., 2011) is critical when evaluating BOUDOURESQUE, C.F., CADIOU,G. & LE DIRÉAC’H,L.(2005) Marine
the potential threats to the species. When separated from protected areas: a tool for coastal areas management. In Strategic
Management of Marine Ecosystems (ed. E. Levner), pp. 29–52.
demographic functionality, assessments of density may lead
Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
to incorrect conclusions about the value of artificial struc- BOUDOURESQUE, C.F. & LABOREL-DEGUEN,F.(1986) Patella
tures as alternative habitats because they may act only as ferruginea.In Le benthos marin de l’ile de Zembra (Parc National,
ecological sinks in which organisms fail to breed success- Tunisie) (eds C.F. Boudouresque, J.G. Harmelin & A. Jeudy de
fully (Smallwood, 2001). However, our study indicates that Grissac), pp. 105–110. GIS Posidonie Publishers, Marseille, France.
BOUMAZA,S.&SEMROUD,R. (2001) Inventaire de la population de
exploitation is the main factor influencing population
Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 des iles Habibas (Ouest Algérien).
structure and, consequently, potential population viability, Rapport du Congrès de la Commission Internationale pour
and the type of substrate has no significant influence. In this l’Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée, 36, 361.
context, a proposal for artificial marine micro reserves BRANCH, G.M. & ODENDAAL,F. (2003) The effects of marine
(García-Gómez et al., 2011) could be an effective conserva- protected areas on the population dynamics of a South African
limpet, Cymbula oculus, relative to the influence of wave action.
tion measure for P. ferruginea, protecting the relatively small
Biological Conservation, 114, 255–269.
areas of artificial substrates on which the species has settled.
BULLERI,F. & CHAPMAN, M.G. (2010) The introduction of coastal
However, further studies are required to elucidate the popu- infrastructure as a driver of change in marine environments. Journal
lation dynamics and ecological functioning of P. ferruginea of Applied Ecology, 47, 26–35.
populations on both artificial and natural substrates. CASU, M., RIVERA-INGRAHAM, G.A., COSSU, P., LAI, T., SANNA, D.,
DEDOLA, G.L. et al. (2012) Patterns of spatial genetic structuring in
the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea: implications for the
Acknowledgements conservation of a Mediterranean endemic. Genetica, 139, 1293–1308.
CLARKE, K.R. & GORLEY, R.N. (2006) PRIMER v. 6: User Manual/
We are grateful to Fabrice Bernard, Sami Ben Haj and Tutorial. PRIMER-E Ltd, Plymouth, UK.
Sebastien Renou for logistical support under the initiative COLL, M., PIRODDI, C., STEENBEEK, J., KASCHNER, K., BEN RAIS
LASRAM, F., AGUZZI, J. et al. (2010) The biodiversity of the
Petites Iles de Méditerranée of the Conservatoire du Littoral Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. PLoS ONE, 5,
in the Zembra archipelago, to ‘Obimasa’ (Consejería de e11842.
Medio Ambiente, Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta) for their COTTALORDA, J.M., MEINESZ, A., THIBAUT,T. & CHIAVERINI,D.
support, and to two anonymous referees for their useful (2004) Représentation cartographique de l’abondance de quelques
algues et invertébrés sur le littoral des îlots du Rascas et de la
comments. This study was partially funded by a predoctoral
Gabinière. Science Reports of Port-Cros National Park, 20, 195–209.
grant awarded to GAR-I by the Spanish Ministry of
CRISTO,B.& CARONNI,S. (2008) Observations on the conservational
Education (FPU AP-2006-04220). status of the limpet Patella ferruginea (Gmelin, 1791) near Capo
Ceraso (Gulf of Olbia, North-Eastern Sardinia). Biologia Marina
Mediterranea, 15, 302–303.
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vivos de Patella ferruginea en Andalucía (2004–2006). Consejería de su gestión y conservación. PhD thesis. University of Seville, Seville,
Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain. Spain.
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ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 (Gastropoda: Patellidae) en Mediterranée Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 (Gastropoda: Patellidae) in Algerian

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