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Through a Foucauldian framework I further my analysis of sustainability as a discourse, and

suggest that the four-pillar model of sustainability has its origins in the natural sciences and

the disciplinary divides of the enlightenment period. I turn attention to marine sustainability

and the development of marine science knowledge and institutions. This will be an

opportunity to further think through the relationship between biodiversity and cultural

diversity discourses. As I have suggested, a discourse of cultural diversity in sustainable

development incorporates the language and conceptual framing of biodiversity. In the next

chapter I analyse the relationship of sustainability to the history of the natural sciences and

formations of disciplinary areas of expertise. I introduce the idea of environmental ordering

and explore the emergence of such terms as ecosystem biodiversity, species, as well as

Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) in fishery management. I consider how marine

sustainability discourses are enacted in specific institutions, through markets, calculative

devices and modes of governance. I develop an analysis of the cultural dimensions of

sustainability projects and argue that even those projects that are clearly aligned with

environmentalism and focused solely on the sustainability of a species (that is, not based on a

four-pillar model), have cultural dimensions. There are cultural dimensions in the very

knowledge framework that inform, identify and measure environmental sustainability. By

undertaking this work I continue to build a framework of sustainability as a global

assemblage, which at times incorporates an integrated sustainability discourse (four-

pillar model) mobilising concepts related to cultural diversity, while at other times is

constructed through a biological discourse, grounded in enduring disciplinary divides of the

natural and social sciences. In doing so, I begin to develop a framework that deepens our

understanding of the term sustainability, and cultures of marine sustainability, as well as

addresses the challenge of defining and sustaining fishing cultures.

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