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84 INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL RESEARCH

analyzed by AOAC (2010). Selenium analysis was macrophages. In the kidney, glutamine supplies
carried out according to EPA (1994). Energy value ammonia which combines with filtered hydrogen
wasestimated by Atwater method (Falch et al., 2010). ions to form ammonium ions which are then
Essential amino acid score was calculated with excreted (FAO/WHO/UNU, 2007). As a donor of
reference amino acid pattern of adult (FAO/WHO/ nitrogen in the synthesisof purinesand pyrimidines,
UNU, 2007). glutamine is essential for the proliferation of cells
(Zhao et al., 2010). Aspartic and glutamic acid play
Amino acid score = Sample amino acid/ important roleasa general amino acid in enzymeactive
Reference amino acid* 100 centers, as well as maintaining the solubility and ionic
character of proteins (Kocatepe and Turan, 2012b).
Statistical analysis: The descriptive statistics
(mean, standard error) were conducted using Excel, Scombroid protein is also rich in lysine,
MS Office 2007 (Microsoft Corporation, Reymond, which is a major nitrogen carrier in the body, along
Washington, USA). with glutamine and arginine (Bequette and Nelson,
2006). Lysine is the limiting amino acid in children’s
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION cereal-based dietsin developing countries(Khalil and
Proximate composition: The proximate analysis Khan 1995; Zhai et al., 2001).
of scorpion fish indicated moisture, protein, fat, ash,
carbohydrate contents were 81.76, 15.91, 0.20, It was found that lysine and leucine were
1.57, 0.57 % and energy 67.63 kcal/100 g, the major essential amino acidsin S. porcus. Similar
respectively. Little information is available on resultswere reported for other freshwater and marine
proximate composition of S. porcus in. Proximate fish species, like African catfish (Clarias anguillaris),
analysisof Black Sea scorpion (Kocatepe and Turan, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Senegalese
2012a) and Egadi Islands S. porcus (Reale et al., tongue sole (Cynoglossus senegalensis) (Adeyeye,
2006) have shown higher protein (16.91 and 2009), spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) (Oliveira et
17.78%), fat (1.26 and 1.42%), carbohydrate al., 2012), sea bass (Özden and Erkan, 2008).
(0.95%) and lower ash (0.92 and 0.80%) contents,
respectively. S. porcus has similar protein content The essential amino acids of scorpion
as other black sea fish specie, like horse mackerel, constituted approximately 52 % of total amino acids.
shad, garfish and golden mullet (Boran and The ratio of essential/non-essential amino acids (E/
Karaçam, 2001). Chuang et al. (2012) reported NE) was calculated as 1.08. The ratio of E/NE was
lower moisture (72%) and higher fat (1.9%) contents determined as0.77 for sea bream, 0.77 for mackerel,
for Scorpaena scrofa. Lean fish have < 0.5% fat, TABLE 1:Amino acid composition of scorpion fish muscle.
semi-fat fish 0.5–2% fat and fatty fish have more
than 2% fat (Clucas and Ward, 1996). Lipid content Amino acids mg/kg
of scorpion fish was very low in the present study
and thus it can be classified as lean fish. The Aspartic acid 10159± 80
differences in lipid content may be attributed to Glutamic acid 26953± 1653
catching season. S. porcus spawning season is Serine
reported to be between end of June and September H istidi ne* 7188± 192
(Koca, 1997; Bilgin and Çelik, 2009). Proximate Glycine 4143± 149
composition wasknown to be influenced by season, Threonine* 15349± 734
water temperature, spawning cycle and species Arginine* 8637± 315
(Ockerman, 1992). Alanine 7722± 221
Ty ro si ne 15727± 586
Amino acid composition: The amino acid Valine* 8698± 422
composition of scorpion fish is shown in Table 1. Methionine* 10398± 621
The predominant non-essential amino acids were Phenylalanine* 6912± 150
glutamic acid and glycine and those amongst the Isoleucine* 10066± 617
essential amino acids were lysine and leucine. Leucine* 9652± 345
Glutamine is a preferred fuel for enterocytes and Lysine* 18884± 1112
immune cells such as lymphocytes and Proline 26847± 921
Total amino acids 11276± 529
Total essential amino acids* (E) 198610± 2756
Total non-essential amino acids (NE) 103261± 1866
E/NE 95349± 890
1.08± 0.01

Valuesare mean ± standard error from duplicate determinations.