Page 7 - Montesanto_etal-2014

MONTESANTO ET AL.: DISTRIBUTION OF TYLOS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
uate the degree of divergence between the various popula-
tions of Tylos in Sicily and the circum-Sicilian islands. Such
studies will also highlight any incidence of genetic introgres-
sion within boundary areas separating current ranges of T.
europaeus and T. ponticus. This will make necessary a sec-
ond sampling campaign that would focus on the coastal ar-
eas separating the two sets of populations – such zones are
present in Sicily but are completely absent on the circum-
Sicilian and the Maltese Islands.
Biological interactions between the two species, namely
in the form of competitive exclusion, could also be operat-
ing, especially since the niches of the two species partially
overlap. Because the current study concluded that median
grain size cannot explain the allopatric separation of the
two species, niche separation between the two targeted Ty-
los could be attributed to different variables, which might
include the water and organic content of the sand, the degree
of porosity and penetrability of the same beach sand, and the
exposure to wave action, and the slope of the beaches.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank Prof. Paula B. Araujo, Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (Brasil), for critical comments on the first
versions of this paper. We wish to thank Prof. Domenico Caruso for
providing us the opportunity to access the “Caruso Collection” of terrestrial
isopods, housed at the Museum of Zoology (University of Catania,
Italy), and Prof. Richard Muscat from the University of Malta Research
Committee for funding such a study. The authors would also like to thank
two anonymous referees whose constructive comments greatly improved
the value and rigour of the manuscript.
REFERENCES
Arcangeli, A. 1938. Tylos latreillii Aud et Sav., suoi biotopi, sua area di
diffusione. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata
della reale Università di Torino 46: 139-151, pls. 1-6.
Brown, A. C., and E. R. Trueman. 1996. Burrowing behavior and cost in the
sandy-beach oniscid isopod Tylos granulatus Krauss, 1843. Crustaceana
69: 425-437.
Caruso, D. 1973a. Isopodi terrestri delle Isole Eolie ed Egadi. Lavori della
Società Italiana di Biogeografia 3: 1-12.
. 1973b. Isopodi terrestri delle Isole Egadi. Bollettino delle sedute
dell’Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali di Catania, Serie IV 11: 69-
94.
. 1974. Isopodi terrestri delle Isole Pelagie. Animalia 1(1/3): 135-
156.
, C. Baglieri, M. C. Di Maio, and B. M. Lombardo. 1987.
Isopodi terrestri di Sicilia ed isole circumsiciliane (Crustacea, Isopoda
Oniscidea). Animalia 15(suppl.): 5-211.
, and B. M. Lombardo. 1982. Isopodi terrestri delle Isole Maltesi.
Animalia 9: 5-52.
, and . 1995. Arthopoda di Lampedusa, Linosa e Pantelleria
(Canale di Sicilia, Mar Mediterraneo), Crustacea Isopoda Oniscidea.
Naturalista Siciliano 19(suppl.): 99-114.
Colombini, I., A. Aloia, M. Fallaci, and M. Chelazzi. 1996. Spatial and
temporal strategies in the surface activity of some sandy beach arthropods
living along the French Atlantic coast. Marine Biology 127: 247-257.
Deidun, A., M. Azzopardi, S. Saliba, and P. J. Schembri. 2003. Low faunal
diversity on Maltese sandy beaches: fact or artefact? Estuarine, Coastal
and Shelf Science 58: 83-92.
, F. Galea Bonavia, and P. J. Schembri. 2011. Distribution of Tylos
spp. in the Maltese Islands and population dynamics of Tylos europaeus.
Journal of Coastal Research 64: 369-372.
53
, and P. J. Schembri. 2008. Assessing inter-beach differences in
semi-terrestrial arthropod assemblages on Maltese pocket sandy beaches
(Central Mediterranean). Marine Ecology 29(suppl.): 108-117.
Dyer, K. S. 1979. Estuarine Hydrography and Sedimentation: a Handbook:
i-ix, 1-230. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Fallaci, M., I. Colombini, S. Taiti, and L. Chelazzi. 1996. Environmental
factors influencing the surface activity and zonation of Tylos europaeus
(Crustacea: Oniscidea) on a Tyrrhenian sandy beach. Marine Biology
125: 751-763.
Giordani Soika, A. 1954. Ecologia, sistematica, biogeografia ed evoluzione
del Tylos laterillei Auct. (Isop. Tylidae). Bollettino Museo Civico Storia
Naturale di Venezia 7: 63-83, pls. I-XI.
. 1956. Sull’esistenza nelle coste adriatiche di una nuova razza del
Tylos sardous (Arc.). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di
Venezia 9: 14-15, pls. 1-3.
Goncalves, S. V., M. A. Pardal, P. G. Cardoso, S. M. Ferreira, and J. C.
Marques. 2005. Biology, population dynamics and secondary production
of Tylos europaeus (Isopoda, Tylidae) onthe western coast of Portugal.
Marine Biology 147: 631-641.
Grebnicki, N. 1874. Materialy dlja fauny Novoressijskogo kraja. Isopoda.
Zapiski novorossi˘ıskago Obshchestva Estestvoispyˆtatele˘ı 2: 250-262,
pls. I-III. [In Russian].
Hammer, W., M. Smyth, and E. Mulford. 1969. The behavior and life
history of a sand-beach isopod, Tylos punctatus. Ecology 50: 442-453.
Hayes, W. B. 1974. Sand-beach energetics: importance of the isopod Tylos
punctatus. Ecology 55: 838-847.
. 1977. Factors affecting the distribution of Tylos punctatus
(Isopoda, Oniscoidea) on beaches in southern California and northern
Mexico. Pacific Science 31: 165-186.
Kensley, B. 1974. Aspects of the biology and ecology of the genus Tylos
Latreille. Annals of the South African Museum 65: 401-471.
Kussakin, O. G. 1982. Marine and salt water isopod crustaceans (Isopoda)
of cold and temperate waters of Northern Hemisphere. Opred Faune
SSSR 131: 1-456. [In Russian].
McLachlan, A., and A. C. Brown. 2006. Ecology of Sandy Shores.
2nd Edition. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam.
Odendaal, F. J., S. Eekhout, A. C. Brown, and G. M. Branch. 1999.
Aggregations of the sandy-beach isopod, Tylos granulatus: adaptation or
Incidental-effect? South African Journal of Zoology 34: 180-189.
Pardi, L. 1955. L’orientamento diurno di Tylos latreille (Aud. e Sav.) (Crus-
tacea Isopoda Terrestra). Bollettino dell’Istituto e Museo di Zoologia,
Università di Torino 4: 167-196.
Rohlf, F. J., and L. F. Marcus. 1993. A revolution in morphometrics. Trends
in Ecology and Evolution 8: 129-132.
Schmalfuss, H. 2003. World Catalog of Terrestrial Isopods (Isopoda:
Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beiträge Naturkunde Series A 654: 1-341. (Re-
vised version in 2004, available online at: http://www.oniscidea-catalog.
naturkundemuseum-bw.de).
, and K. Vergara. 2000. The Isopod Genus Tylos (Oniscidea:
Tylidae) in Chile, with Bibliographies of all Described Species of the
Genus. Stuttgarter Beiträge Naturkunde Series A 612: 1-42.
Suzuki, S., T. Kuramochi, and M. Ueno. 2013. Female sexual receptivity
in the sandy-beach isopod Tylos granuliferus (Crustacea). Invertebrate
Reproduction & Development 57: 27-36.
Taiti, S., and F. Ferrara. 1996. The terrestrial Isopoda of Corsica (Crustacea,
Oniscidea). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris 18:
459-545.
Ugolini, A., F. Morabito, and S. Taiti. 1995. Innate landward orientation in
the littoral isopod Tylos europaeus. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 7:
387-391.
Vandel, A. 1962. Isopodes terrestres. Deuxiéme partie. Faune de France 66:
417-931. Edition Paul Lechevalier, Paris.
RECEIVED: 15 May 2013.
ACCEPTED: 30 September 2013.
AVAILABLE ONLINE: 13 December 2013.