Page 15 - Palombo_Ferretti _2005

ARTICLE IN PRESS
M.R. Palombo, M.P. Ferretti / Quaternary International 126–128 (2005) 107–136 121

Table 6
M. primigenius from the Po plain, Tuscany and Latium (Italy). Tooth measurements
Tooth Specimen Site Wear Variables
stage
Occlusal Length Occlusal Width Height Number Plates Enamel Lamellar Hypsodonty
Length Width of plate a in use thickness frequency b index
(height/width)
m2 MDSTP Arena Po 2 175 — 60 — 124 17 7 — 9 2.0
18673 c
m2 MCSNM Milano 3 185 — 72 — 150 16 15 — 10 2.1
14562 c
M3 MCSNM Calvairate 3 320 — 104 — 23 14 — — —
14549 c (Milano)
m3 MCSNM Po valley 3 270 — 90 — — 20 13 — — —
c
14709
d
m3 MDSTP 16 Arena Po 3 >235 — 73 — 132 21 13 — 9 1.8
m3 DSTT 14785 Testona 3 315 146 96 86 135 22 12 1.5 8 1.4
(Torino)
M2 MDSTP c Arezzo — 230 — 104 — — 15 — — — —
M2 MAA e Arezzo 3–4 202 175 89 — >106 16 14 — — —
M3 MAA–skull e Arezzo 2 270 — — 65 205 22 2 2.0
M3 MAA e Arezzo 3 292 168 106 — 230 23 14 — — 2.2
M3 NHMB Bucine 2–3 243 98 85 71 160 20 9 1.6 9 1.9
(Arezzo)
m3 IGF 1095 Maspino 3–4 ca. 300 245 97 92 — 22 20 2.3 8 —
(Arezzo)
m3 MAA–mandible e Arezzo 2 ca. 230 — — 68 145 23 8 2.1 — ca. 2.0
m3 MDSTP c Arezzo — 290 — 85 — — 24 — — — —
M3 MPR Tarquinia 3 230 — 100 90 — 23 15 2.0 7.5 —
a Excluding talons.
b According to Maglio (1973).
c From Airaghi (1917).
d From Sacchi Vialli and Pizzochero (1958).
e
From Ricci (1901a).

growth, but other factors, such as sexual dimorphism 2.2. Elephants from Sicily and Sardinia
and/or evolutionary change, might also be involved.
Other Italian E.(P.) antiquus samples are mainly In the following paragraphs we present a summary of
represented by isolated teeth and skeletal elements. the present state of knowledge of the elephants from the
Relevant sites are Isernia (Sala, 1983; IS, DSTFE), two larger Italian islands.
Venosa Notarchirico (Potenza; Piperno and Tagliacoz-
zo, 2001; Lef" evre et al., 1998), Fontana Ranuccio 2.2.1. Sicily
(Anagni; Biddittu et al., 1979), Castel di Guido (Rome; At least three different taxa are present:(a) the dwarf
Sala and Barbi, 1996; DSAP; DSTFE), Isoletta (Frosi- E. falconeri Busk 1867, (b) the medium-sized E. (P.)
none; Palombo, unpublished data); Bucine (Arezzo; mnaidriensis Adams, 1874 and (c) a third poorly known
IGF, MPM), Arezzo (various sites; IGF, MAA, large-sized taxon, represented by isolated findings, in
NHMB), various sites in the Rome area (Palombo, some cases apparently associated with E. (P.) mnai-
1986, 1994; MPR) (Fig. 12). driensis (e.g. Contrada Fusco and Z" a Minica; see
In the time interval during which E. (P.) antiquus is Palombo, in press, for a discussion).
represented in the Italian fossil assemblages (see below), The most important sites containing E. falconeri
the species seems to show a change in the morphology of specimens are Luparello (Palermo; Vaufrey, 1929;
the enamel wear figures of the occlusal surface Imbesi, 1956), Spinagallo (Siracusa; Ambrosetti, 1968;
(Palombo, 1986). On the other hand, even though MPR), and Alcamo (Burgio and Cani, 1988). The
differences among time successive samples in some richest sample is that from the Spinagallo cave where a
dental variables have been noted (Ferretti, 1998), there low-diversity and strongly endemic mammal fauna was
seems not to be any clear metric trend. This point is recovered between 1958 and 1960 (Accordi, 1962).
currently under study and will be discussed elsewhere. Over 3000 elephant remains (21 skulls, 13 mandibles,
Summary statistic of dental variables of E.(P.) antiquus 87 tusks, 335 molars, 724 vertebrae, several hundred of
M3–m3 from Italy are reported in Table 7. ribs, 804 bones of the forelimb, 831 bones of the hind