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Circannual variation movements of Black Kite
behaviour showed by Black Kites migrating during migration. Bird Behaviour 10: 45-48.
through the Central Mediterranean during spring Agostini N, Logozzo D. 1998. Primi dati
and autumn, that it could be related with higher
competition for resources in the African wintering sulla migrazione primaverile dei rapaci
areas where migratory European birds meet Accipitriformi sull’isola di Marettimo
resident individuals. As a result, Black Kites should (Egadi). Rivista italiana di Ornitologia
minimize time during autumn migration and 68:153-157.
some birds crossing the Mediterranean at the Strait Agostini N, Logozzo D, Panuccio M. 2000. The
of Gibraltar in spring could use loop migration island of Marettimo, Important Bird Area
passing through the Central Mediterranean in for the autumn migration of raptors. Avocetta
autumn (for instance part of the birds breeding 24: 95-99.
in northern Italy). In this scenario, it is interesting Agostini N, Malara G. 1997. Entità delle
to report that in a similar species, the Red Kite popolazioni di alcune specie di Accipitriformi
(Milvus milvus), the wintering individuals studied migranti, in primavera, sul Mediterraneo
in Doñana National Park, in southern Spain, centrale. Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia
showed a segregation from the resident conspecific, 66:174-176.
concerning feeding areas, food habits and also Agostini N, Mellone U. 2007. Migration
roosting sites (Heredia et al. 1991). The quicker strategies of Oriental Honey Buzzards Pernis
autumn migration time recorded in the Black Kite ptilorhyncus breeding in Japan. Forktail 23:
could be also related with its food habits, strictly 182-183.
linked to seasonal resources that break down Agostini N, Panuccio M. 2003. How do
abruptly (Bustamante and Hiraldo 1990). Accipitriformes behave during autumn
Future studies should clarify differences in the migration at the Circeo promontory? Rivista
migration timing along the different flyways italiana di Ornitologia 73(2): 165- 167.
and investigate the complex migration patterns Agostini N, Premuda G, Mellone U, Panuccio
of Black Kites migrating through the Central M, Logozzo D, Bassi E, Cocchi L. 2004.
Mediterranean area in spring and autumn, as well Crossing the sea en route to Africa: autumn
as their wintering behaviour in Africa, possibly by migration of some Accipitriformes over two
means of satellite telemetry. central Mediterranean islands. Ring 26: 71-
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 78.
We thank Mark Anderson and Ara Monadjem Allon D., Shirihai H. 1991. A survey of wintering
for their useful comments that greatly extended raptors in Israel, 1987/88. In: Yekutiel D.
and improved a first draft of the manuscript. (eds), Raptors in Israel: passage and wintering
Ugo Mellone is supported by a FPU grant of the populations. International Birdwatching
Spanish Ministry of Education (AP2008-0947). Centre, Eilat, Israel.
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