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Regional environmental observation networks

International Global Climate MyOcean2
Observing System (GCOS) and the
Global Ocean Observing System http://www.myocean.eu/
(GOOS)
Monitoring service at European and National levels with
long time-series of in-situ (physical and biochemical)
http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/gcos/index. and remote sensing (ocean colour and SST) products.
php?name=AboutGCO Among the parameters measured is temperature, salin-
ity, currents, sea level, chlorophyl-a, dissolved oxygen,
GCOS is an internationally coordinated network of ob- nutrient and light penetration.
serving systems with a programme of activities that
support and improve the network. It is designed to MedGLOSS
meet evolving national and international requirements
for climate observations including ocean climate obser-
vations monitoring. http://medgloss.ocean.org.il/

Mediterranean Operational Ocean- http://www.ciesm.org/marine/programs/medgloss.htm

ography Network (MOON) and MON- The MedGLOSS programme of sea level monitoring
GOOS network network in the Mediterranean and Black seas was es-
tablished jointly by CIESM and IOC/UNESCO in 1997 in
http://www.moon-oceanforecasting.eu/ response to the forecasted global climate change and
index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1 sea level rise.

It focus on Mediterranean forecasting system of meteo- HYDROCHANGES network
oceanographic (temperature, currents) and biochemical
pelagic variables. At present they are part of the new http//www.ciesm.org/marine/programs/hydrochanges.htm
MONGOOS network.
Among the MONGOOS network are included the Greek Long-term monitoring of basic hydrological parameters
national system (Poseidon Ocean Forecast), the Sicily (temperature and salinity), Mediterranean network of
Channel forecasting system, Cyprus coastal forecast- autonomous conductivity, temperature, and depth
ing and observing system (CYCOFOS), the Adriatic Sea, (CTD) sensors, deployed on mainly short and easily
Puertos del Estado Sea level forecast system (Nivmar, manageable subsurface moorings.
Spain), the southeastern and northern Levantine fore-
casting system among many others. SeaDataNet Infrastructure network
Observing products might include in-situ water tem-
perature and salinity, sea level and atmospheric pres- http://www.seadatanet.org/
sure with remote sensing SST-sea surface temperature
and chlorophyl concentration. The network is also part Standardized system for managing the large and di-
of EuroGOOS, the European Global Ocean Observing verse data sets collected by the oceanographic fleets
System.
and the automatic observation systems.
Eurosites, European Ocean Observa- RADMED
tory network
http://www.ba.ieo.es/es/investigacion/grupos-de-
http://www.eurosites.info/ investigacion/coplamed/proyectos/263-radmed
Integrated European network of nine deep-ocean ob- It provides historical data series of oceanographic pa-
servatories sited in waters off the continental shelf and rameters from the Spanish Mediterranean coast.
of greater than 1000m depth, measuring variables from
sea surface to sea floor. T-MedNet

Mediterranean Ocean Forecasting http://www.t-mednet.org/
System Bulletin
T-MedNet network is devoted to spread the acquisition
of long term high resolution temperature series in Medi-
http://gnoo.bo.ingv.it/mfs/
terranean coastal waters (0-40 m) as well as to facilitate
data sharing and analysis.
Electronic report that can offer forecast information on
sea surface temperature and anomalies, salinity, heat
flux and wind stress at different depths.

MEDITERRANEAN MARINE PROTECTED AREAS AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A GUIDE TO REGIONAL MONITORING AND ADAPTATION OPPORTUNITIES 51