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798 DANIELA CATALDO & PIETRO MINISSALE
Familia ROCCELLACEAE on calcareous and siliceous substrata, also on bark
and wood (Nimis, 1993).
Schismatomma dirinellum (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
On bark. A mediterranean-atlantic species, in Familia PORPIDIACEAE
Italy is very rare and not present in all country, Clauzadea monticola (Schaer.) Hafellner et Bellem.
(Nimis & Martellos, 2008). In Sicily it has been On a small limestone rocks. It’s common
recorded by Grillo et al. (2002).
throughout Italy (Fig. 4), to lowlands to the alpine
Familia TELOSCHISTACEAE belt, whit an ample ecological range. It’s widespread
from the Artic to the Mediterranean zones (Nimis,
Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. 1993).
Saxicolous; on twigs and on bark. This species
Familia COLLEMATACEAE
is present in all continents except Antarctica, in
Italy is a very common epiphytic lichen (Nimis, Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach.
1993). This species is present also in heavily pol- On sandy soil. Species very variable and with
luted areas, but not such as epiphytic lichen, rather
as epilithic lichen (Nimis & Martellos, 2008). cosmopolitan distribution. It’s found on disturbed
ground, on walls, on rock, and in all Italy is very
THE LIST OF TERRESTRIAL LICHENS common (Nimis, 1993).
Familia TELOSCHISTACEAE Familia THELOTREMATACEAE
Caloplaca variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg. Diploschistes gypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr.
On calcareous sandstone. Species extremely On sandy soil. It has a wide range in Europe,
variable and common in all Italy, widespread in rare in Italy, not present in some regions, (Nimis &
temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere, Martellos, 2008).
(Nimis, 1993).
Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant.
Fulgensia fulgens (Sw.) Elenkin f. subbracteata Parasite on squamule of Cladonia. Rather com-
(Nyl.) Nimis
mon in all Italy, it is an holarctic lichen (Fig. 5).
On calcareous soil. Species reported in sub- Generally on mosses and plant debris in dry grass-
Mediterranean areas; it is found on calciferous soil lands on limestone (Nimis & Martellos, 2008).
in clearings of grasslands and shrublands. Rather
common in Italy, but not present in all regions Familia VERRUCARIACEAE
(Nimis, 1993).
Endocarpon pusillum Hedw.
Familia CLADONIACEAE On calcareous soil. Species widespread from
Cladonia convoluta (Lam.) Anders Arctic to Mediterranean regions in Europe; not very
On calciferous soil. This species is widespread common in Italy (Nimis, 1993).
in Mediterranean and submediterranean Europe; in Heteroplacidium imbricatum (Nyl.) Breuss;
Italy it’s very common, (Nimis, 1993). On calcareous soil. Species known along the coast
of the Mediterranean sea and Macaronesia; is very
Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. rare in Italy (Nimis, 1993).
On sandy soil. Temperate species with an ample
Placidium rufescens (Ach.) A. Massal.
ecological tolerance, it occurs on different substrata On sandy soil. Common species in Europe except
from the lowlands to the alpine belt; it occurs both
in the northern part (Nimis, 1993). In Italy is rare.
