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rate estimated as 1% of capital costs. As concerns the cost of heat sold to the private customers,
the following prices were derived as average figures in Italy: [34]:
a. Heat for domestic hot water: 45 €/MWh;
b. Heat for space heating to residential customers: 90 €/MWh;
c. Heat for space heating to centralized commercial/public customers: 70 €/MWh;
d. Heat for space cooling to centralized customers: 70 €/MWh, which leads to calculate (by
assuming a COP=1.10 for double-effect chillers supplied at moderately high temperature) an
equivalent 77 €/MWhcooling cost.
In Table 6 the operating results are presented for the six examined islands.

Table 6. Operating results and net annual revenues for the identified “CHP retrofit + DH
network” configurations

Annual energy Income from Operating
Island Energy use supplied supply energy cost Net revenue
[k€/year]
[MWh/year] supply[k€/year] [k€/year]
Space heat. (Resid.) 1851.6 166.6
Space heat. (Central.) 1159.3 81.2
Lampedusa DHW 1495.4 67.3 12.5 569.3
Space cool. (Central.) 3462.6 266.7
Total 581.8
Space heat. (Resid.) 1378.0 124.0
Space heat. (Central.) 391.9 27.4
Favignana 8.3 201.3
DHW 1293.4 58.2
Total 209.6
Space heat. (Resid.) 441.0 39.7
Space heat. (Central.) 1207.8 84.5
Pantelleria DHW 547.8 24.6 5.7 205.4
Space cool. (Central.) 1131.9 87.2
Total 236.0
Space heat. (Resid.) 637.5 57.4
Space heat. (Central.) 173.4 12.1
Ustica 2.3 79.6
DHW 275.9 12.4
Total 81.9
Space heat. (Resid.) 408.5 36.8
Space heat. (Central.) 239.4 16.8
Giglio 1.8 59.4
DHW 168.6 7.6
Total 61.2
Space heat. (Resid.) 147.7 13.3
Space heat. (Central.) 86.6 6.1
Linosa 1.1 25.4
DHW 158.5 7.1
Total 26.5

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