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Figure 4. Reference buildings

The energy demand for space heating/cooling and for Domestic Hot Water purposes
(respectively Qh/c.res and QDHW.res) has been consequently calculated for the reference buildings
as the sum of the energy demand of each apartment composing each building. Finally, the
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monthly and seasonal energy demand (measured in kWh/m ) for residential buildings has
been computed cluster-by-cluster according to Eq. (1) and (2):

 Q  P
E  h / c .res ,n n  N  Occ ) 1 (
 P n
/ c
h
.res
 Q  P
DHW
E DHW .res   P ,n n  N  Occ ) 2 (
n

where: Eh/c.res and EDHW.res are the monthly energy demands of the cluster for respectively
heating/cooling purposes and Domestic Hot Water supply; Pn is a weighting factor which
takes into account the percentage of building having n floors (Figure 4); N is the number of
building in the cluster and Occ is a parameter taking into account the touristic vocation of
Italian Islands. In particular, the N value can be assessed as Ares/Atot (where Atot is the total
residential built area in the cluster), while Occ depends on the percentage of occupied
apartment by inhabitant. Moreover, it has been supposed that houses in the island are fully
occupied during summer months, while during the rest of the year only local people live in
the island.
Being very high the touristic vocation of the islands, it must be highlighted that the hotels
energy demand would have a big impact on the network feasibility. For this reason, they have
been accurately censed and classified according to the number of beds and to the hotel rating
system [23]. Present work refers to a study made by Beccali et al. [24] that focuses on energy
demand of several categories of hotels in Sicily. Table 3 shows energy demand figures for
heating and cooling for Isola del Giglio. These values have been evaluated introducing a
weighting factor taking into account the different Heating Degree Days between Sicilian
Island and Isola del Giglio. Finally, the DHW demand has been assessed according to national
standard UNI/TS 11300-2:2014 [25].

Table 3. Space heating and cooling demands of hotels

Group I (1-2 star) Group II (3 star) group III
(4-5 stars)
Sicily Tuscany Sicily Tuscany Sicily Tuscany
Heating Eh.hotel 288 902 835 2143 1620 1805 kWh/bed
Cooling Ec.hotel 389 669 924 1937 778 3761 kWh/bed

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