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SUSTAINABLE FINANCING OF MPAs IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: A FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

projected funding needs (UNDP & GEF, 2011). In 2012, Montenegro had only one
MPA under consideration. However, Montenegro has engaged in a preparatory
process for the proclamation of the first MPA (Katic Island near Petrovac) and for the
establishment of the Platamuni MPA whose borders are on the way to be defined
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(NBSAPs 2014). The Katic MPA is supposed to have an area of 24.55 km and the
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Platamuni MPA of 23.00 km . Other projects could be considered as potential MPAs
(personal communication):
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o MPA Ratac (near Port of Bar) with a possible area of 6.4 km over the sea
according to Faculty of Science.
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o MPA Stari Ulcinj with the possible area of around 6 km .
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The overall projected MPAs in Montenegro accounts for about 60 km . But no official
position has yet been taken on the issue.
▪ A report from the Grenelle Environment Forum working group on biodiversity
assessed the financial needs for French biodiversity as least €700M with an
additional €25M for Marine Protected Areas development and €30M for marine
Natura 2000 sites. In 2012, the French Ministry of the Environment projected needs
for the development of a marine areas protection policy at €100M for 2015 and
€495M for 2020 (Mabile, 2013): in the Mediterranean, a survey has been undertaken
for the project to create the marine park of Cap Corse. It should provide
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recommendations on its extent (potentially 6,963 km ), on the management plan and
the management body.
▪ In 2014, France conducted a study to determine the needs for its national park
management. The analysis mainly focused on human resources needs (CGDD,
2014);

Finally, these reports recognised the need to improve and update their accuracy on the
financial needs assessed. Analyses do not take into account the particularities of MPAs and
look at all Protected Areas. In the absence of national assessments, optimal financial needs
were thus estimated by extrapolating the need identified at the local level. This methodology
for assessing needs, based on local surveys, is the first of this kind to be applied to
MPAs in the Mediterranean.

b) Data used 2012 FINDINGS ON MPA DIVERSITY

Local results were extrapolated using the The size range of MPA marine surface area is very
composition of national MPA systems wide and goes from the smallest which covers 0.003
identified in 2012, as presented in Table 18. km² (Akhziv National Park in Israel) to the largest
Importantly, surface area was the criteria MPA (excluding the Pelagos marine sanctuary at
used for the extrapolation (as mentioned in 87,500 km²) which covers over 4,000 km² (the Gulf
the local analysis section). Details of marine of Lions Marine Nature Park in France). Between
surface area are provided in the table below. these two extremes, MPA surface areas are
Then, the distribution of MPAs by size in the relatively equal in distribution (between 20 and 25
national MPA systems was used. This MPAs per size group) when it comes to extreme
observed data has been used for the size groups. The 11-25 km² size groups have the
extrapolation of local results to national largest number of MPAs (Gabrié et al., 2012).
scale.

May 2015 – Vertigo Lab, for MedPAN, RAC/SPA and WWF Med. Page 72