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SUSTAINABLE FINANCING OF MPAs IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: A FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

Annual operating Total annual investment
Country
costs (in €/year) (in €/year)
Albania 476,504 294,002
Algeria 1,488,964 545,112
Bosnia-Herzegovina - -
Cyprus 7,847,221 1,979,187
Croatia 9,267,916 2,585,747
Egypt 1,488,964 545,112
Spain 118,529,508 35,921,329
France 65,714,512 19,775,889
Greece 134,036,122 44,330,918
Israel 9,872,142 2,481,406
Italy 167,208,983 59,636,346
Lebanon 1,961,805 494,797
Libya 2,388,396 817,668
Morocco 953,007 588,004
Monaco 1,961,805 494,797
Malta 7,300,919 2,056,170
Montenegro - -
Slovenia 6,866,319 1,731,788
Syria 3,192,330 753,329
Tunisia 2,388,396 817,668
Turkey 9,654,248 3,915,865
Mediterranean 552,598,061 179,765,133

Table 19: Financial needs under the optimal management scenario per country (in €)

Italy has the greatest financial needs followed by Greece and Spain. Together, European
countries’ needs account for 94% of total operating needs in the Mediterranean region.
Algeria has the lowest financial needs in the region.
At the regional scale, results are consistent with previous analysis. Hence, in 2006, Lopez
estimated annual financial needs for basic management at €75M for MPAs in IUCN
categories I-IV and between €88M and €441M for coastal/marine & broad marine areas in
IUCN categories V-VI, hence a total of between €163M and €516M. He only considered
operating management costs. In the present results, the needs for operating management
costs amount to €552M, which seems consistent with the Lopez results, 9 years after his
study. The MPA network has developed from 2006 to 2015 and it seems reasonable to
assume that needs have increased during that period.
Here, optimal management is considered (and not basic management). Additionally, an
assessment of investment needs is proposed. These short-term investments are essential to
ensuring the sustainability of management and cannot be neglected, though they are difficult
to report on an annual basis.

5.1.2 Results discussion

The approach here attempts to distinguish spending for various size categories of MPA. It
also addresses where MPAs will be established and thus takes the analysis of MPA financial
needs further.

Although figures on optimal management needs for the region and countries present
‘indicative levels’ of the financing targets for the region, data about financial needs should

May 2015 – Vertigo Lab, for MedPAN, RAC/SPA and WWF Med. Page 74