Page 24 - CAPPARIS_2006

Volume 93, Number 1 Inocencio et al. 145
2006 Revision of Capparis Sect. Capparis

0.1–0.5 mm, straight or slightly curved; petioles dark yellow, 0.3–0.6 cm long, 0.1–0.2 cm wide at the
short, 0.3–1 cm. Flower buds acute; floral pedicels base. Leaves ovate or obovate, 4–5 3 2.5–3.5 cm,
slender, short, 1.5–4 cm; flowers zygomorphic; herbaceous; indument very lax, trichomes thick and
abaxial (odd) sepal galeate, 0.8–1.2 cm long, 0.4– long, 25–40 3 300–500 mm, early falling; leaf veins
0.6 cm deep; stamens 100 to 150, anthers 1.6–2 mm, not prominent; base rounded or somewhat tapering,
with acute apices. Fruit ellipsoidal to oblong, pulp apices acute; mucro very small, 0.1–0.5 mm, straight;
red; ripe seeds dark brown, 2.8–2.6 3 2.4–2.6 3 1.8– petioles short, 0.7–1 cm. Flower buds acute; floral
2 mm. pedicels thick and long, 5–6.5 cm; flowers zygomor-
phic; abaxial (odd) sepal galeate, 1.8–2.4 cm long,
Illustrations. Royle (1839: 73); Narvi & Ali
0.6–1.1 cm deep; stamens 100 to 150, anthers 2.5–
(1973: 8, fig. 2a); Polunin & Stainton (1984: pl. 16,
2.8 mm, with acute apices. Fruit oblong, pulp red;
n. 161).
ripe seeds brown, 3–3.2 3 2.6–2.8 3 2–2.5 mm.
Phenology. Flowering from July to September.
Distribution and habitat. Sudano-Zambezian, Indian
Illustrations. Coste (1900: 142); Woodville (1794:
and Irano-Turanian Regions. Middle East into India
plate 228, drawn and engraved by James Sowerby).
[Afghanistan, India, Pakistan]. Walls, meadows, and
Phenology. Flowering from May to October.
human dwellings; from 1000 to 3000 m.
Distribution and habitat. Mediterranean Region.
In the lower left-hand part of the sheet with the
Mediterranean Europe, Middle East into Turkey
holotype of Capparis sicula Veill. subsp. sindiana at K
is a label with the following script: ‘‘FLORA OF [France, Greece, Italy, Spain, Turkey]. Cultivated,
AFGHANISTAN Nu. 92 / Name. Capparis spinosa L. / sometimes found in secondary habitats as a feral or
Native Name: Barak: dry riverbed. shale / Locality & living among the parental species, at elevations from
Altitude: / sunny widespread growth. straggling, / 0 to 250 m. Figure 2.
Notes: procumbent stems. Fruit when ripe / dehisces Rivera et al. (2006) reviewed the status and
along 3 lines to open out as / mass of bright red sticky typification of Capparis spinosa. In summary, mor-
fluid seeds / embedded in latter / alt. 1430 m. / phological, reproductive, and molecular data suggest,
Collector: Mr Lulman / Date: 26.8.1968.’’ but do not prove, that this is a hybrid species kept in
The John Forbes Royle Herbarium is at LIV; cultivation. The origins of the different populations
however, Donna Young (pers. comm.) has checked in are related to the coincidence of wild and/or
the Roylean herbarium and verified that no type cultivated individuals in proximity, belonging to C.
specimen for Capparis ovata is there. Other herbaria sicula and C. orientalis, especially in the Western
where possible original material may be (DD and K) Mediterranean [Sicily, Mallorca], but also in Greece.
were unsuccessfully contacted. Therefore a neotype is The diversity within this crop shows a pattern of
neccessary. variation intermediate between the putative parentage
(Rivera et al., 1999).
Paratypes. AFGHANISTAN. Barak, Lulman 92 (K).
INDIA. Wangtu to Sholtu, Cholto bridge, Bashahr, Punjab,
Lace 178 (E); Li, Bushahr, Simla, Eastern Punjab, Parma- Selected specimens examined. FRANCE. Montpellier,
nand 725 (E). PAKISTAN. Balti, Iskalkoo, Winterbottom s.n. Bentham 243 (E); s.l. Agardh. s.n. (C). GREECE. Rhodes,
(K); Gaud nullah, Gupis, Gilgit, Karachi, Omer 266 (E); Sandermann s.n. (C); Periol Botanical Garden (unknown),
Gilgit-Karimabad, 1500 m, Qaiser, Omer & Husain 8444 Lasfeu s.n. (C). ITALY. Sicily, Agrigento, Davis 40229
(RNG); Kharipur, Jafri 2421 (E); Shardu, Baltistan, Shah (RNG); Stromboli, B. Larsen s.n. (C). SPAIN. Alicante: El
249 (E); above the Indus river, Shardu, Kashmir, Baltistan, Campello, Inocencio & Alcaraz s.n. (MUB); Paraiso Beach,
2600 m, Webster & Nasir 5771 (K). Villajoyosa, Hewat H 1040 (RNG). Barcelona: Barcelona,
Sennen 1587 (RNG). Cordoba: El Templete, C. Lo ´pez
CL1971/86 (RNG). Mallorca: Banyalbufar, Inocencio &
9. Capparis spinosa L., Sp. pl.: 503. 1753. TYPE: Alcaraz s.n. (MUB); Campanet Caves, Inocencio & Alcaraz
[France?] ‘‘Habitat in Europae australis arenosis, s.n. (MUB); from Santa Maria to Inca, Inocencio & Alcaraz
s.n. (MUB); Valldemosa, Christensen 1372 (C). TURKEY.
ruderatis’’ (lectotype, designated by Burtt &
Denizli, Ha ¨nel 00.437 (E); Eskisehir-Su ¨ndihen, Ehim 373
Lewis in Kew Bull. 4: 299. 1949, BM, Herb. (E).
Clifford: 203!, Capparis No. 912.348–50, vali-
dated by Jacobs, Blumea 12/3: 417. 1965).
10. Capparis zoharyi Inocencio, D. Rivera, Obo ´n
Capparis peduncularis Presl., Delic. Prag.: 20–21. 1822.
& Alcaraz, sp. nov. TYPE: [Spain] ‘‘El Llano del
Shrub procumbent; twigs straight, sometimes reach- Beal, Murcia, Spain, 7 July 1999, Inocencio
ing up to 3 m, dark green; internodes 1.5–3.5 cm; 42689’’ (holotype, designated here, UMH!; para-
stipules curved, retrorse, not decurrent, slender, weak types, Inocencio & Alcaraz 70102, 70103, 48689,
or vestigial, rarely strong, usually very long and thin, sent to K, E, and MO!). Figure 9.