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68 SCALI V., TINTI F., MANTOVANI B., MARESCALCHI O.

Downloaded by [31.185.101.124] at 08:47 23 March 2016  Danielyan, 1968; Vrijenhoek & Schultz, 1974; Vrijenhoek,                      P. C., 1992 - Origin of Gila seminuda (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
                                                                                                                                     through introgressive hybridization: implications for evolution
                                                       1979; Turner et al, 1983). For the sake of completeness we                    and conservation. Proc. natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89: 2747-2751.
                                                                                                                                 Dubois A., Günther R./1982 - Klepton and synklepton: twonew
                                                       would like to note that the gathered evidence on the                          evolutionary systematics categories in zoology. Zool. Jarb Syst.,
                                                                                                                                     109: 290-305.
                                                       evolutionary steps of hybrid unisexuals relates to historical
                                                                                                                                 Echelle A. A., 1990 - Nomenclature and non-mendelian («clonal»)
                                                       events and, therefore, it is not direct and compelling. The                   Vertebrates. Syst. Zool., 39: 7-78.

                                                       suggested evolutionary pathways are not the only possible                 Gasperi G., Malacrida A., Scali V., 1983 - Variabilità enzimatica in
                                                                                                                                     popolazioni italiane e nord africane di Bacillus rossius (Insecta
                                                       explanations of present facts, since gynogenetic or par-                      Phasmatodea Bacillidae). Atti XIII Congr. Naz.Ital. Entomologia,
                                                                                                                                     Sestriere-Torino 27 Giugno - 1 Luglio, Grafital, Torino, pp.
                                                       thenogenetic clonáis could have been selected as such from                    469-474.

                                                       the first hybrid generation. However, clues in favour of the              Graf J. D., Polls Pelaz M., 1989- Evolutionary genetics of the Rana
                                                                                                                                     esculenta complex. In: R. M. Dawley & J. P. Bogart (eds),
                                                       suggested evolution are available (Tinti & Scali, 1993).                      Evolution and ecology of unisexual vertebrates. NewYork State
                                                                                                                                     Museum Press, Albany, NY, pp. 289-302.
                                                          The taxonomic status of unisexual hybrids is a strongly
                                                                                                                                 Haskins C. P., Haskins E. F., Hewitt R. E., I960 - Pseudogamy asan
                                                       debated question (see Echelle, 1990). A sensible position                     evolutionary factor in the Poeciliid fish Mollienisia formosa.
                                                                                                                                     Evolution, 14: 473-483.
                                                       could be that an all-female hybrid existing «as a persistent,
                                                                                                                                 Hedges S. B.,Bogart J. P.,Maxson L. R., 1992 - Ancestry of unisexual
                                                       self-perpetuating historical group» (Echelle, 1990) and not                   salamanders. Nature (London), 356:708-710.

                                                       requiring male genomes for its own genetic structure can                  Kimbel W. H., Martin L. B., 1993 - Species, species concepts, and
                                                                                                                                     primate evolution. Plenum Press, NewYork.
                                                       be operationally taken as a species. This species definition
                                                                                                                                 Leslie J. F., Vrijenhoek R. C, 1978- Genetic dissection of clonally
                                                       includes parthenogens and gynogens, while excluding                           inherited genomes of Poeciliopsis: I. Linkage analysis and
                                                                                                                                     preliminary assessment of deleterious gene loads. Genetics, 90:
                                                       hybridogens (Scali et al, 1992), for which the new species-                   801-811.

                                                       group category «klepton» has been proposed (Dubois &                      Leslie J. F.,Vrijenhoek R. C, 1980 - Consideration of Muller's ratchet
                                                                                                                                     mechanism through studies of genetic linkage andgenomiccom-
                                                       Günther, 1982). Nonetheless the above-reported reproduc-                      patibilities in clonally reproducing Poeciliopsis. Evolution, 34:
                                                                                                                                     1105-1115.
                                                       tive interactions in Bacillus hybrids also blur this
                                                                                                                                 Lynch M., 1985 - Spontaneous mutations for life-history characters
                                                       operational species definition owing to the androgenetic                      in an obligate parthenogen. Evolution, 39: 804-814.

                                                       production of parental specimens and to genome incor-                     Manaresi S., Marescalchi O., Scali V., 1991 - Ag-detected NOR and
                                                                                                                                     C-banding patterns in Bacillus rossius (Insecta Phasmatodea)
                                                       poration that further diversifies clonal strains.                             from Sicily. Caryologia, 44:265-286.

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