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ARTICLE IN PRESS
                                  K. Lambeck, A. Purcell / Quaternary Science Reviews 24 (2005) 1969–1988  1987

          evidence may establish the relationship between the   spectrometric U-Th ages from Barbados corals. Nature 3455,
          structural features.                                  405–410.
           Throughout the analysis only the glacio-hydro-iso-  Caputo, M., Pieri, L., 1976. Eustatic variation in the last 2000 years in
                                                                the  Mediterranean.  Journal of  Geophysical Research 81,
          static signal has been considered and tectonic contribu-
                                                                5787–5790.
          tions have been assumedto be either absent or corrected  Carobene, L., Pasini, G., 1982. Contributo alla conoscenza del Pleistocene
          for. The indicator of long-term vertical stability is the  superiore e dell’Olocene del Golfo di Orosei (Sardegna orientale).
          elevation of the MIS 5.5 shoreline that, in the Mediterra-  Bollettino della Societa Adriatica di Scienze Trieste 64, 536.
          nean, occurs typically between 3 and10m above present,  Cathles, L.M., 1975. The Viscosity of the Earth’s Mantle. Princeton
                                                                University Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 386.
          at sites where the geological andseismic evidence points
                                                              Chappell, J., Shackleton, N.J., 1986. Oxygen isotopes andsea level.
          to stability (e.g. Carobene andPasini, 1982; Hearty and
                                                                Nature 324, 137–140.
          Dai Pra, 1986; Antonioli et al., 1999a). Spatial variability  Denton, G.H., Hughes, T.J. (Eds.), 1981. The Last Great Ice Sheets.
          in this highstandelevation can be expectedacross the  Wiley, New York, 484pp.
          region, even in the absence of tectonics, because of the  Dubar, M., Guglielmi, Y., Falgue ` res, C., 1992. Ne ´ otectonique et
          isostatic adjustments associated with the ice load    se ´ dimentation coˆ tie‘re quaternaires en bordure de l’Arc Subalpin
                                                                de Nice (A.M., France). Quaternaire ´ 3, 105–110.
          fluctuations during the glacial cycle (see the analogous  Fleming, K., Lambeck, K., 2004. Constraints on the Greenlandice
          case for the USA Atlantic coast andCaribbean (Potter  sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum from observations of sea-
          andLambeck, 2003) but the evaluation of this for the  level change andglacial-reboundmodeling. Quaternary Science
          Mediterranean still remains to be done. Thus, for the  Reviews 23, 1053–1077.
          present, we assume long-term tectonic stability if these  Flemming, N.C., 1969. Archaeological evidence for eustatic changes of sea
          shorelines occur within the above range. This translates  level andearth movements in the Western Mediterranean in the last
                                                                2000 years. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 109, 1–125.
          into uncertainties in long-term uplift rates, considering a
                                                              Galili, E., Nir, Y., 1993. The submergedpre-pottery Neolithic water
          formation age of 12475 ka for the MIS 5.5 shoreline, of  well of Atlit-Yam, northern Israel, andits palaeoenvironmental
          the order 0.3 mm/year and the contribution to the     implications. The Holocene 3 (3), 265–270.
          uncertainties in Holocene sea-level inferences remain  Galili, E., Weinstein-Evron, M., Ronen, A., 1988. Holocene sea-level
          small, of the order 0.3–0.4 m at 12ka BP or about     changes basedon submergedarchaeological sites off the northern
                                                                Carmel Coast in Israel. Quaternary Research 29, 36–42.
          0.5–0.6 m at the LGM.
                                                              Hanebuth, T., Stattegger, K., Grootes, P.M., 2000. Rapidflooding of
           For a known present-day topography, the palaeo-      the Sunda Shelf: a late-glacial sea-level record. Science 288,
          shorelines andpalaeo-water depths can be evaluated    1033–1035.
          using relation (3). Results basedon the nominal model  Hearty, P.J., Dai Pra, G., 1986. Aminostratigraphy of quaternary
          parameters usedhere have been publishedfor the central  marine deposits in the Lazio Region of central Italy. Zeitschrift fu ¨ r
                                                                Geomorphologie, Supplementband62, 131–140.
          Mediterranean from the LGM to the present (Lambeck
                                                              Johnston, P., 1993. The effect of spatially non-uniform water loads on
          et al., 2004a), and Fig. 14 gives result for 20 and12ka BP.
                                                                the prediction of sea-level change. Geophysical Journal Interna-
          The bathymetry usedis not of high enough resolution for  tional 114, 615–634.
          this result to reveal the fine structure that exists in  Johnston, P., 1995. The role of hydro-isostasy for Holocene sea-level
          detailed reconstructions for smaller areas where higher  changes in the British Isles. Marine Geology 124, 61–70.
          resolution is available. But the result does point to areas  Johnston, P., Lambeck, K., Wolf, D., 1997. Material versus isobaric
          where observational information on palaeo-shoreline   internal boundaries in the Earth and their influence on postglacial
                                                                rebound. Geophysical Journal International 129, 252–268.
          location wouldprovide important constraints on the  Kaufmann, G., Lambeck, K., 2002. Glacial isostatic adjustment and
          predictive model. For example, accurate observations of  the radial viscosity profile from inverse modeling. Journal of
          the LGM sea levels across the broadand shallow Golfe  Geophysical Research 107, ETG5-1–ETG5-15.
          du Lion or North Adriatic Sea would provide useful  Kelletat, D., Kowalczyk, G., Schro ¨ der, B., Winter, K.-P., 1976. A
          information, as wouldthe small isolation basins—or    synoptic view on the neotectonic development of the Peloponnesian
                                                                coastal regions. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Ge-
          near-isolation basins—in the central Adriatic Sea.
                                                                sellschaft (Journal) 127, 447–465.
                                                              Kraft, J.C., Rapp, J.G.R., 1975. Late Holocene palaeogeography of
                                                                the coastal plain of the Gulf of Messenia, Greece, andits
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