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Fattorini & Dapporto
Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada / Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management 14(2):185-197 (2014)
by bathing establishments, or, of the small and very isolated
beaches, constantly visited by tourists. The psammophilous
species Phaleria spp. and Trachyscelis aphodioides are now
considered to be extinct on this island as a result of the high
anthropic pressure on the beaches. Increasing rarity of well-
preserved places led to high pressure from tourists also on
the Island of Giannutri. Although most of the footways on
this island are currently forbidden, this is not known by most
tourists, who reach the island by ferry-boats and concentrate
in the few accessible places.
5. CONCLUSIONS
Most of the studied islands have been recovered as having
some conservation value according to their tenebrionid
faunas. No island was found to have a BCC value of zero
with BCC1, only one with BCC2 and a few with BCC3.
This fits with the high tendency for tenebrionids to have relict
populations or to form endemic species and races resulting
in virtually all the islands and islets to be considered of
some conservation interest. Insular phenomena are know in
many other organisms from Italian islands and this resulted
in most islands being identified as Natura 2000 sites (see
references reported in Table 2). Many islands are also part of
National Parks or other types of protected areas at national
or regional level. Therefore, virtually all islands are formally
regarded as areas of conservation concerns. However, a
formal recognition does not automatically imply that
concrete measures for conservation are adopted. Because of
limitation of funds and the need of urgent actions for the most
“valuable” areas, prioritisation may help to allocate founds
or enhance concrete conservation actions and appropriate
integrated management policies in selected areas. The use of
integrated management policies are extremely important in
the context of the Italian small islands, because most of them
are inhabited and/or used by people and it is necessary to
avoid an opposition between economics and environmental
sustainability. Results of our analyses of tenebrionid beetles
indicate some islands as having highest priorities, which
does not mean that other islands are of scarce interest. These
include the islands belonging to the Tuscan Archipelago
and some Sicilian Islands (Pelagie, Pantelleria and Ustica).
Whereas the islands belonging to the Tuscan Archipelago
are part of a National Park, Pantelleria, Ustica and the
Pelagie Islands are both classified as natural reserves, not as a
National park, and one of them (Lampedusa) is under severe
anthropic pressure and social contrasts as it is a primary
European entry point for migrants, mainly coming from
Africa. More attention at national level should be paid in
such situation.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to acknowledge P. Cardoso, P. Lo Cascio
and G. Gardini for their suggestions and corrections.
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