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SUSTAINABLE FINANCING OF MPAs IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: A FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Resources needed for effective management PPP-adjusted values Frequency
Equipment purchase
2
< 5km : 2 boats
2
5-30 km : 2 boats
Boat purchase 2 Every 6 years
30-70 km : 2 boats
2
> 70 km : 5 boats
2
< 5km : 1 car
2
5-30 km : 2 cars
Car purchase 2 Every 10 years
30-70 km : 2 cars
2
> 70 km : 5 cars
Scuba-diving equipment purchase €7,906 Annually
Infrastructure
Local offices
2 offices Once
Visitor center
Demarcation buoys €39,715 Every 7 years
Hiking paths €18,876 Once
Studies
Scientific studies €55,313 Annually
Socio-economic assessment €16,521 Every 3 years
Regular ecological monitoring €28,470 Every 2 years
Management plan €60,478 Every 5 years
Business plan €41,219 Every 7 years
Education
Conference/meeting €19,454 Annually
Exhibits €20,899 Annually
Training €10,388 Annually
Measures
Restoration €65,155 Annually
Compensating measures €21,916 Once
Table 9: Estimated investments for effective MPA management
3.2.3 Financial needs for effective management
MPA financial needs for optimal management were estimated by converting expressed
needs for resources in monetary terms and by using unit costs (salaries, boats price, etc.)
reported by managers.
The total costs per unit area of effectively managed MPAs greatly fluctuates depending on
MPA location, with the sum of current expenditure plus estimated shortfall ranging from €933
2
2
per km per year to nearly €79,327 per km per year, with an average of
2
2
€25,784 per km per year (median, €10,729 per km per year) (Table 10).
2
The highest operating needs per km for effective management are observed for very small
2
MPAs: the five MPAs with the highest operating needs per km are the five smallest MPAs of
the sample.
Annual operating needs for Annual operating needs for
effective management effective management
Region 2
(in euros) (in euros per km )
Mediterranean MPAs 448,411(13) 25,784(13)
EU MPAs 503,272(11) 23,768(11)
Non-EU MPAs 23,768(2) 36,871(2)
Table 10: Average financial operating needs for effective management
May 2015 – Vertigo Lab, for MedPAN, RAC/SPA and WWF Med. Page 51
