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G. Palmieri et al.

Ichikawa, 1990; Parhar et al., 1994; Volkoff and GnRH systems in the brain and pituitary of a pleuronectiform fish,
the barfin flounder (Verasper moseri). Cell Tissue Res
Peter, 1999). 2002;309:323-9.
The presence of GnRH in extrahypothalamic Billard R, Peter RE. A stereotaxic atlas and technique for the nuclei
of the diecepahalon of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Reprod
areas, including the oculomotor nucleus and the Nutr Dev 1982;22:1-25.
anterior midbrain tegmentum, may be related to the Bradford MR, JR, Northcutt RG. Organization of the diencephalons
modulation of behavioural responses. GnRH-con- and pretectum of the ray-finned fishes. In: Northcutt RG, Davis
RE, eds, Fish Neurobiology. vol. 2. University of Michigan Press,
taining motor nuclei are thought to be an integra- Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1983, pp. 117-63.
tive system for the modulation of sensory and Billard R, Peter RE. A stereotaxic atlas and technique for the nuclei
of the diecepahalon of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Reprod.
behavioural functions (Munz et al., 1981; Egorova Nutr. Dev 1982;22:1-25.
et al., 2001). Bradford MR, Northcutt RG. Organization of the diencephalons and
pretectum of the ray-finned fishes. In: Fish Neurobiology. Vol. 2
In this study, cGnRH-II- and sGnRH-immunore- (Northcutt R.G. and Davis R.E., eds). University of Michigan
active fibres, presumably from the preoptic zone, Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1983;117-163.
have been found to enter the neurohypophysis of the Charlton HH. Comparative studies on the nucelus preopticus pars
magnicellularis and the nuclues lateralis tuberis in fishes. J Comp
bluefin tuna. Direct innervation of the pituitary Neur 1932;54:237-275.
gland by fibres of the hypothalamic GnRH neurons Corriero A, Medina A, Mylonas CC, Abascal FJ, Deflorio M, Aragón
L, et al. Histological study of the effects of treatment with
is characteristic of Osteichthyes (Muske, 1993; gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on the repro-
Schreibman et al., 1979). Our results are consis- ductive maturation of captive-reared Atlantic bluefin tuna
(Thunnus thynnus L.). Aquaculture 2007;272:675-86.
tent with the observations of Magliulo-Cepriano et Crosby EC, Woodburne RT. The comparative Anatomy of the preop-
al. (1994) which revealed the presence of cGnRH- tic area and the hypothalamus. Res Publ Ass Nerv Ment Dis
1940;20:52-169.
II and sGnRH forms in the pituitary gland of the
Crosby EC, Showers, MJC. Comparative anatomy of the preoptic and
platyfish.The presence of cGnRH-II and sGnRH in hypothalamic areas. In: Haymaker W, Anderson E, Nauta, WJH,
eds. The Hypothalamus. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, 1969, pp.
the bluefin tuna pituitary gland suggests that GnRH 61-135.
is involved in the release of gonadotropin in this Doumenge F. Aquaculture of bluefin tuna. Biol Mar Medit
species. However, it is worthwhile remembering that 1996;3:258-288.
Egorova AE, Kuzik VV, Danilova OA. Morphofunctional characteris-
preoptic GnRH cells are related not only to tics of gonadotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactive struc-
gonadotropin secretion but also to the regulation of tures in the brain of the sturgeon (Acipenser güldenstädti) before
spawning. J Evolut Bioch Physiol 2001;37:664-71.
other pituitary hormones. The co-localization of Fujita I, Sorensen PW, Stacey NE, Hara TJ. The olfactory system,
GnRH binding sites with gonadotropins, soma- not the terminal nerve, function as the primary chemosensory
pathway mediating responses to sex pheromones in male goldfish.
totropin, somatolactin and prolactin cells has been Brain Behav Evol 1991;38:313-21.
demonstrated in the pejerrey (Odontesthes bonar- González-Martínez D, Madigou T, Zmora N, Anglade I, Zanuy S,
iensis) (Stefano et al., 1999, 2000). Zohar Y, et al. Differential expression of three different prepro-
GnRH (Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) messengers in the
In conclusion, the present study provides the first brain of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). J Comp
Neurol 2001;429:144-5.
data on the morphology of the brain and two dien-
Khan FA, Saha SG, Sarkar S, Subhedar N. β-endorphin like
cephalic nuclei thought to be involved in reproduc- immunoreactivity in the forebrain and pituitary of the teleost
tive functions in the bluefin tuna.The immunohisto- (Clarias batrachus Linn.). Gen Comp Endocrinol 1999;113:290-
301.
chemical findings have allowed the demonstration King JA, Dufour S, Fontaine YA, Millar RP. Chromatographic and
of the presence of sGnRH and cGnRH variants. immunological evidence for mammalian GnRH and cicken GnRH
II in eel (Anguilla anguilla) brain and pituitary. Peptides
Further studies are necessary to elucidate the 1990;11:507-14
expression pattern of the GnRH forms during the Lethimonier C, Madigou T, Muñoz-Cueto, JA, Lareyre JJ, Kah O.
Evolutionary aspects of GnRHs, GnRH neuronal systems and
different phases of the reproductive cycle of the GnRH receptors in teleost fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol
bluefin tuna. 2004;135:1-16.
Lioka C, Kani K, Nhhala H. Present status and prospects of techni-
cal development of tuna sea-farming. Cah Op Medit 2000;47:275-
85.
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