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G. D’Anna et al. / Marine Policy ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎
particularly since the start of the new Director and related in-
itiatives in 2010, notably the switch to a bottom-up approach and
the related revision of the zoning scheme. The creation of a gov-
ernance body involving local stakeholders within the Trapani
LFMP paved the way for more public participation in the process,
and has recently led to a well working E-MPA website, the pre-
paration of guide books, the adoption of plans for preserving and
restoring the Posidonia oceanica meadows around Favignana, and
an experimental approach to fight jellyfish invasions during the
tourist season. This initiative represents the first attempt at an
integrated management approach in the E-MPA, intended to en-
hance effectiveness in achieving the priority objective of main-
taining the favourable condition of conservation features in the
MPA. Also, the recent implementation of the Natura 2000 Egadi
Islands Management Plan contributes to the conservation and
sustainable use of the Egadi natural resources.
On the other hand, no strategic governance approach has been
set in order to coordinate all existing initiatives regarding biodi-
versity conservation, fisheries and tourism. A coordination body is
still missing, to the detriment of biodiversity conservation and of
sustainable use of living resources. A new governance approach
should be based on a clear management structure, represented by
a permanent committee, including representatives of local in-
stitutions, NGOs, research bodies and local entrepreneurs, espe-
cially those involved in tourism and fisheries. Positive input in this
regard might come from regional networks of MPA managers and
scientists, whose knowledge and experience could be useful to
work towards better governance in the E-MPA [11]. Using in-
centives, knowledge from research and the intermediary role of
NGOs, an eco-social dialogue [13] among all stakeholders could be
attained, with benefits for the governance of the E-MPA. However,
in order to gain an operational status, fundamental for a successful
marine spatial management [14], the permanent committee
should be appropriately funded and its opinion should be taken
into account by decision makers.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Stefano Donati, director of the E-MPA;
Francesco Bertolino of Biotecno; Giuseppe Sieli; the Favignana City
Council; Carabinieri and Coast Guard of the Egadi Islands; the
E-MPA staff; and last but not the least, all the interviewed stake-
holders. Without the collaboration of all these people this study
could not have been completed. This research was funded by the
European Commission under the Monitoring and Evaluation of
Spatially Managed Marine Areas (MESMA) project (www.mesma.
org), as part of the 7th Framework Programme, ENV.2008.2.2.1.1,
grant agreement no. 226661.
Please cite this article as: G. D’Anna, et al., Governance analysis in the Egadi Islands Marine Protected Area: A Mediterranean case study,
Mar. Policy (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.12.009i
9
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