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M. Korn et al. • Sister species within Triops cancriformis

Portugal (Sagres), a part of the known populations of Barnard, K. H. (1929). A revision of the South African Branchiopoda
T. mauritanicus occur in a natural park, the ‘Parque Natural do Phyllopoda. Annals of the South African Museum, 29, 181–272.
Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina’ (PNSACV). This study Blondel, J. & Aronson, J. C. (1999). Biology and Wildlife of the
Mediterranean Region. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
shows that these populations deserve a higher conservation
Boix, D., Sala, J. & Moreno-Amich, R. (2002). Population dynamics
status within this park, since the population investigated
of Triops cancriformis (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Notostraca) of the
represents a distinct subclade of T. mauritanicus. Similarly, the Espolla temporary pond in the northeastern Iberian peninsula.
current conservation status of Triops in Catalunya (north- Hydrobiologia, 486, 175–183.
eastern Spain) is important due to their unique combination of Braga, E., Zardoya, R., Meyer, A. & Yen, J. (1999). Mitochondrial
morphology and reproductive mode within the T. cancriformis and nuclear rRNA based copepod phylogeny with emphasis on the
lineage. The northern Spanish populations may be the only Euchaetidae (Calanoida). Marine Biology, 133, 79–90.
Cesari, M., Mularoni, L., Scanabissi, F. & Mantovani, B. (2004).
gonochoric representatives of this lineage. We therefore also
Characterization of dinucleotide microsatellite loci in the living
encourage the protection of their habitats.
fossil tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis (Crustacea Branchiopoda
High substructuring may also occur in other notostracan Notostraca). Molecular Ecology Notes, 4, 733–735.
taxa. More comparative studies, including both morphological Colbourne, J. K. & Hebert, P. D. N. (1996). The systematics of
and genetic data, are needed to clarify the phylogenetic rela- North American Daphnia (Crustacea: Anomopoda): a molecular
tionships among Eurasian and African populations of this phylogenetic approach. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
group. Such studies could also improve knowledge of passive of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 351, 349–360.
Colosi, G. (1923). Note sopra alcuni Eufillopodi. Atti della Societa
dispersal abilities, as cryptic taxa may be responsible for the
Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in
currently assumed huge geographical ranges of some gono-
Milano, 62, 75–80.
choric notostracan taxa like T. numidicus or Lepidurus couesii. Cottarelli, V. & Mura, G. (1995). Ulteriori reperti di Anostraci,
Notostraci e Spinicaudati (Crostacei Branchiopodi) Della Fauna
Acknowledgements Italiana. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ‘Giacomo Doria’,
We are very thankful to Yasar Al-Khalili (Pest Management XC, 599–607.
Consultants, Dubai), Ernst-Gerhard Burmeister (München), De Meester, L., Gómez, A., Okamura, B. & Schwenk, K. (2002).
The Monopolization Hypothesis and the dispersal-gene flow
László Forró (Budapest), Mark Gauci (Malta), Stanislaw A.
paradox in aquatic organisms. Acta Oecologica, 23, 121–135.
Malyavin (Uljanowsk), Dragana Milicic (Belgrade), Arne
Defaye, D., Rabet, N. & Thiéry, A. (1998). Atlas et bibliographie des
Nolte (Köln), and Brigita Petrov (Belgrade) for providing Crustacés Branchiopodes (Anostraca, Notostraca, Spinicaudata) de France
samples for this investigation, and to Giuseppe Tito Castelli Métropolitaine. Paris: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
(Palermo), Claudia Gruber (München) and Alessandra Sicilia MNHN.
(Palermo) for their help in taking samples (in alphabetical Dumont, H. J. & Negrea, S. V. (2002). Introduction to the Class Bran-
order). We are also very thankful to Arne Nolte (Köln) for chiopoda. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers.
Eder, E. & Hödl, W. (2003). Die Groβ-Branchiopoden Österreichs,
providing extra specimens as a loan (these were from the Spanish
Crustacea: Branchiopoda excl. Cladocera. Catalogus Novus Faunae
provinces Sevilla and Huelva, and were used for morphological
Austriae, No. 1. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der
investigations). We sincerely thank Ian J. Kitching (London) Wissenschaften.
for his correction of our English language, important scien- Flint, R. F. (1971). Glacial and Quaternary Geology. New York: John
tific suggestions and some very fruitful tips at the very begin- Wiley & Sons.
ning of this investigation. And we would like to thank Daniel Gauthier, H. (1934). Contribution a l’étude de l’Apus cancriformis et
Boix (Girona) and Miguel Alonso (Barcelona) for valuable de ses variations dans l’Afrique du nord (Euphyllopode notostracé).
Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, 14, 125–139.
advice on taking samples from the northern Spanish popula-
Ghigi, A. (1921). Ricerche sui Notostraci di Cirenaica e di altri Paesi del
tion investigated. We would further like to thank Claudia
Mediterraneo. Atti della Società italiana di Scienze Naturali, 60, 161–188.
Gruber (München) for providing literature from the United Ghigi, A. (1924). Ancora sulla sistematica delle Specie Mediterranee
Arab Emirates. We are greatly endebted to Anke Müller and del Genre Triops. Atti della Società italiana di Scienze Naturali, 63,
Christian Kehlmaier (Dresden) for their dedicated engage- 193–202.
ment in the sequencing work. We thank two anonymous Gillikin, D. P. & Schubart, C. D. (2004). Ecology and systematics of
reviewers for their most helpful suggestions that greatly mangrove crabs of the genus Perisesarma (Crustacea: Brachyura:
Sesarmidae) from East Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Soci-
improved the manuscript.
ety, 141, 435–445.
Guindon, S. & Gascuel, O. (2003). A simple, fast, and accurate
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© 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2006 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters • Zoologica Scripta, 35, 4, July 2006, pp301–322 319