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206 F. LIberto, S. GIGLIo, M.S. CoLoMba & I. SparaCIo
laterally on penial complex where slight constric-
tion separates distal epiphallus from proximal epi-
phallus. Border between epiphallus and penis
externally evident, inside the epiphallus protrudes
into the penis with a semispheric extension, bearing
at its apex a small cylindrical papilla. Penis irregu- creating the forum “Natura Mediterraneo” (availa-
lar, cylindrical, 11 mm long, approximately ½ of
length of epiphallus, with thin walls, inside with
some striations and divided by a constriction in two
cavities: a narrower, oblong proximal cavity (8 mm)
and a short, wide distal cavity (2.2 mm). A thin she-
ath envelopes the penial complex, keeping proximal
epiphallus bent on the distal epiphallus and the
penis contracted; wide and short genital atrium,
with fine folds around the genital opening.
Vagina long (9.8 mm), inside there are some di-
scontinuous longitudinal folds. Vaginal accessory
gland enters by means of thin canaliculi at about
midway along vagina. An annular pad separates the
real vagina from a small chamber (vaginal cham-
ber) with thick, smooth wall, where the duct of
bursa copulatrix and the free oviduct end. Duct of
bursa copulatrix short and slender. Bursa copulatrix
elongate with a narrow apical prolungation. Long
and slender free oviduct, slightly wider near vagina.
Spermatophore (Fig. 8) worm-like, glossy, gol-
den. Anterior apex lacking (broken), the remaining
anterior portion is regularly tubular and bare, only
on the distal part there are some short spines (with
4-5 apexes), the posterior portion is covered with
some short spines with bifurcate point (two apexes)
or simple (one apex); posterior apex of the sperma-
tophora, bigger, completely covered of bifurcate or
simple spines. The spermatofore was found in the
channel of the bursa copulatrix with the posterior
apex contained into "vaginal chamber".
VARIABILITY. Body colour variable (Figs. 13-16)
from uniform orange with some spots hardly visible
to orange-brown speckled with darker patches; keel
clear, orange or cream; clypeus with blackish hor-
seshoe-shaped groove and sometimes with a dark
central line; genitalia: proximal epiphallus and di-
stal epiphallus generally have the same length, but
in some specimens the proximal portion is slightly
shorter; the epiphallus protrudes into the penis with
a semispheric or conic extension, penis length va-
rying from 6 mm to 10 mm; vagina length varies
from 2 mm to 9 mm. Spermatophore variable in
size (Fig. 9) and color from red to yellow-gold;
these were found in the channel of bursa copulatrix
with the big apex contained into "vaginal chamber".
ETIMOLOGY. The new species is dedicated to
Aldo Marinelli (Roma), as sign of appreciation for
ble at: http://www.naturamediterraneo.com/forum/).
BIOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION. Species rather
common in natural environments with forests, me-
diterranean maquis or garrigue, nocturnal, during
the day specimens shelter under rocks and logs;
sexual maturity occurs in winter. T. marinellii n.
sp., at present, is known only from North-Western
Sicily (Fig. 21).
COMPARATIVE NOTES. T. sowerbyi (Férussac,
1823) was the only known species in Sicily (Wa-
gner, 1931, Giusti, 1973; Manganelli et al., 1995;
Bank 2012) (Fig. 21). In this region it seems to be
native as widely widespread, especially in natural
environments, and having been reported since 1800
(Lessona & Pollonera, 1882 sub Amalia carinata
and A. carinata var. oretea; Minà Palumbo, 1883
sub Amalia carinata; Pollonera, 1891 sub Amalia
carinata). The populations of eastern Sicily exami-
ned by us show the typical morphological charac-
ters of T. sowerbyi (Wiktor, 1987, Giusti et al.,
1995) (Figs. 10, 12). The epiphallus in T. sowerbyi
is of medium length and cone-shaped, while in T.
marinellii n. sp. the epiphallus is very long and
equipped with an evident proximal portion comple-
tely absent in T. sowerbyi; the penis retractor mu-
scle in T. sowerbyi ends at about 2/3 of the length
of the epiphallus, while in T. marinellii n. sp. ends
at half the length of the epiphallus exactly where
the distal portion ends and the proximal one begins;
a pair of short supplementary muscles inserted at
the distal end of epiphallus observed in T. sowerbyi,
lack in the new species.
The penis in T. sowerbyi is divided by a con-
striction in a short distal portion followed by a lon-
ger proximal chamber, while in T. marinellii a
proximal long portion is followed by a short distal
one, wide and sac-shaped; penial papilla in T. so-
werbyi is squished, of vestigial type, while in T. ma-
rinellii is of cylindrical shape; the fold-like
thickening (reduced "stimulator") present in T. so-
werbyi, lacks in T. marinellii; the spermatophore in
T. sowerbyi has a posterior portion covered with
very branched spines (Fig. 10), whereas in T. mari-
nellii is covered by scattered spines not branched or