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those of siliceous substrates belonging to the Erico-Quercion ilicis alliance (Brullo, 1984a;
Brullo et al., 1977; Brullo & Marcenò, 1985a; Brullo, Scelsi, Siracusa, & Sparnpinato, 1999).

Quercus virgiliana woods are referred to the following associations: - Oleo sylvestris-
Quercetum virgilianae, reported almost everywhere up to 800-1,000 m a.s.l. (Brullo et al.,
2009; Brullo & Marcenò, 1985a; Brullo, Minissale, & Siracusa, 1996; Furnari & Scelsi,
1993; Gianguzzi, 1999b; Gianguzzi et al., 2001; Gianguzzi, La Mantia, & Ottonello, 2000;
Gianguzzi, La Mantia, & Rigoglioso, 2000; Guarino, 1998; Raimondo, Gianguzzi, &
Schicchi, 1994; Raimondo, Gianguzzi, & Surano, 1994); - Celtido aetnensis-Quercetum
virgilianae, reported for the south-western slope of Etna (Brullo et al., 2009; Brullo &
Marcenò, 1985a); - Sorbo torminalis-Quercetum virgilianae, described for the Sicani Mts.
(Brullo et al., 1995; Gianguzzi, llardi, & Raimondo, 1995; Gianguzzi et al., 2001 ; Marino,
Castellano, Bazan, & Schicchi, 2005); - Lauro nobilis-Quercetum virgilianae, reported for
the Hyblean Mts. (Brullo, Costanzo, & Tomaselli, 2001), Sicani Mts. (Gianguzzi, Romano,
D'Amico, & Incardona, 2007) and the Oreto River valley (Traina & Marcenò, 2001); -
Mespilo germanicae-Quercetum virgilianae, known for the Hyblaean Mts. (Brullo et al. ,
2009; Brullo & Marcenò, 1985a; Fichera et al. , 1990); - Erico arboreae-Quercetum
virgilianae, fragmentarily indicated for the northern chain of Sicily (Brullo & Marcenò,
1985a; Gianguzzi & La Mantia, 2004; Guarino, 1998), between Nicosia and Sperlinga
(Brullo et al., 1995) and the Aeolian Islands (Panarea and Salina).

Quercus congesta woods concern the following associations: - Arabido turritae-
Quercetum congestae, located in the eastern slope of Etna (Brullo & Marcenò, 1985a); -
Festuco heterophyllae-Quercetum congestae, widespread in the western and south-westem
part of Etna (Brullo & Marcenò, 1985a); - Agropyro panormitani-Quercetum congestae,
present on the Etna (Brullo et al., 2012); - Conopodio capillifolii-Quercetum congestae,
described for the Peloritani Mts. (Brullo et al. , 2012; Maniscalco & Raimondo, 2009).

Quercus leptobalanos oak woods comprise the associations: - Quercetum leptobalani,
located in the Palermo area (Ficuzza Wood) and on the Madonie Mts. (Brullo & Marcenò,
1985a; Gianguzzi & La Mantia, 2004); - !!ici aquifolii-Quercetum leptobalani reported for
the Madonie Mts. (Maniscalco & Raimondo, 2009).

6. Deciduous woods with prevalence of other oaks (cl. Querco roboris-Fagetea sylvaticae):
a) Quercus gussonei (Quercetum gussonei); b) Quercus cerris (Arrhenathero nebrodensis-
Quercetum cerridis, Ilici-Quercetum cerridis and Vicio cassubicae-Quercetum cerridis); c)
Quercus petraea subsp. austrotyrrhenica (llici-Quercetum austrotyrrhenicae)

EUNIS Codes: 01.75 11 , 0 1.75 13, 02.6; Natura 2000 Codes: 9 1MO, 9380

Quercus gussonei, Q. cerris and Quercus petraea subsp. austrotyrrhenica mesophilous
deciduous oak woods are located along the Tyrrhenian coast of Sicily and on Mount Etna, in
the mesomediterranean belt (subhumid-humid ombrotype), on more or less deep and evolved
soils. Within the same typology, vegetation aspects with Ostrya carpinifolia, Acer obtusatum
and Populus tremula present in the sarne bioclimatic belt are also included, partly ascribed to
the Querco-Fagetea class (order Fagetalia sylvaticae, alliance Geranio versicoloris-Fagion
sylvaticae). In particular, we fmd the following associations: - Quercetum gussonei,
dominated by the endemie Quercus gussonei, widespread on the Nebrodi Mts. and in Ficuzza
Wood (Brullo & Marcenò, 1985a; Gianguzzi, 1999a; Gianguzzi, La Mantia, & Rigoglioso,
2000); - Vicio cassubicae-Quercetum cerridis, turkey oak wood exclusive of the eastem
slope of Etna (Brullo & Marcenò, 1985a; Brullo et al., 2012); - Arrhenathero nebrodensis-
Quercetum cerridis, turkey oak wood widespread between the Nebrodi Mts. and the western