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part of the Peloritani Mts., up to the Malabotta Wood (Brullo, Minissale, Signorello, &
Spampinato, 1996); - Ilici aquifolii-Quercetum cerridis, other turkey oak wood described for
limited areas of the Nebrodi Mts. (Raimondo, Schicchi, & Bazan, 2009); - Ilici-Quercetum
austrothyrrenicae, sessile oak wood in the mountain area of the Madonie Mts., in particular at
Pomiere Wood (Brullo, 1984a); - Aceri obtusati-Ostryetum carpinifoliae, Acer obtusatum and
Ostrya carpinifolia wood reported for the eastern slope of Etna and the 'Vallone della
Santissima" on the Peloritani Mts. (Brullo & Marcenò, 1985a; Siracusa, 1998); - Hieracio
criniti-Aceretum aetnensis, dominated by Acer obtusatum, present in the north-eastern slopes
of Etna (Brullo et al., 2012); - Agropyro panormitani-Populetum tremulae, with Populus
tremula, circumscribed to the area of Etna (Brullo, Guarino, Minissale, Siracusa, &
Spampinato, 1999).

7. Fagus sylvatica woods (cl. Querco roboris-Fagetea sylvaticae), located on substrates: a)
arenaceous-conglomeratic (Anemono apenninae-Fagetum sylvaticae, Melittido albidae-
Fagetum sylvaticae); b) carbonate (Luzulo siculae-Fagetum sylvaticae, Hieracio madoniensis-
Fagetum sylvaticae); c) volcanic (Rubo aetnici-Fagetum sylvaticae, Epipactido-Fagetum
sylvaticae)

EUNIS Code: Gl.686, Gl.687; Natura 2000 Codes: 9210*, 9220*

Fagus sylvatica is a species with a European-Asian centre of spreading (Abbate et al., 2003),
arriving in Sicily during the Quaternary glaciations, and confined to the high-mountain belt of
the Peloritani (Malabotta Wood), Nebrodi, Madonie and Etna; bere it constitutes wood
communities located in the southern limit of its range, in the supramediterranean bioclimatic
belt (subhumid-humid ombrotype) and on the most varied substrates (Figure S7a). These
phytocoenoses are framed within the Querco-Fagetea class (order Fagetalia sylvaticae,
alliance Geranio versicoloris-Fagion sylvaticae), within which we can find the following
associations: - Anemono apenninae-Fagetum, acidophilous beech wood widespread on the
Madonie and the Nebrodi Mts. (Brullo et al., 2012; Brullo, Guarino, Minissale, Siracusa, &
Spampinato, 1999), as well as in the southern part of the Italian Peninsula (Brullo, 1984a;
Gentile, 1969a, b) ; - Luzulo siculae-Fagetum sylvaticae, basiphilous beech wood typical of
deep soils of calcareous and dolomite nature, distributed in the mountain belt of Madonie and
Nebrodi (1,400-1,870 m a.s.l.), as well as in the southern part of the Italian Peninsula (Brullo et
al., 2012; Brullo et al. , 2009 ; Raimondo, 1980); - Hieracio madoniensis-Fagetum sylvaticae,
basiphilous coenosis located on the Madonie Mts., on steep slopes at altitudes of 1,350-1 ,500
m a.s.l. (Brullo et al., 2012); - Melitto albidae-Fagetum sylvaticae, acidophilous community
located on the Peloritani Mts. at the Malabotta Wood (Brullo et al., 2012; Brullo et al., 2009;
Ronsisvalle & Signorello, 1977); - Rubo aetnici-Fagetum sylvaticae, acidophilous beech wood
linked to the volcanic substrates of the eastern slope ofEtna, at altitudes of 1,000-1,600 m a.s.l.
(Brullo et al., 2012; Brullo et al., 2009); - Epipactido meridionalis-Fagetum sylvaticae, another
acidophilous beech wood located in the mountain belt of Etna (1,500-2,000 m a.s.l.), with a
distinctly pioneer character (Brullo et al., 2012; Brullo et al., 2009).

8. Betula aetnensis woods (cl. Querco roboris-Fagetea sylvaticae: Cephalanthero
longifoliae-Betuletum aetnensis) in the climacic belt of Fagus sylvatica (Epipactido
meridionalis-Fagetum sylvaticae), sometimes in contact with orophilous shrubs
(Astragaletum siculi)

EUNIS Code: Gl.9 16