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308 L. Gianguzzi et al.

Post-glacial expansion of polyploids toward northern example, it is located in the southern part, at Bonifacio
areas has been described in numerous groups (Stebbins (Mucchiu Biancu, Bruzzi and the Tre Padule De
1984; Brochmann et al. 2004), and diploidy in S. Suartone Nature Reserve; Paradis 2010). It is also
mattiazzi could be a characteristic of the relictual present in the adjacent Maddalena Archipelago, northern
character of the populations. This hypothesis needs to be Sardinia (Bocchieri 1996), and at the extreme south, in
tested using a phylogeographic approach (Parisod and particular in the Sulcis area where it is cited for
Besnard 2007). the localities of Pula “in arenosis” (Moris 1827),
S. Margherita (Cavara 1901), Pixinamanna forest
(Arrigoni 1964), Cortoghiana Pine forest, Mounts Sa
Chorological analysis and phytogeographical
Guardia, Domus de Maria, Corona Maria, Cala Verde,
importance of the new findings
Pula (Dispensa Tonietti – Pixinamanna) and Sarroch at
Review of distribution
Rio Bidda Mores (Bacchetta 2006; Angius and
Simethis mattiazzi reaches its northernmost distribution Bacchetta 2009) and in the Sant’Antioco Island (Milia
limit along the coasts of the south-western part of and Mossa 1977). Other disjointed stations are located in
Ireland, where it is reported in County Kerry (Clapham, the central part of the Italian Peninsula, in particular in
Tutin, and Moore 1989) as naturalized; it has also been the regions: (1) Campania (Punta Campanella, in the
mentioned for the southern part of Great Britain, in Sorrentine Peninsula; Fiori 1923–29); (2) Lazio, at
County Dorset (Dupont 1962), although it was later Latina – Borgo Piave (Ricci 1972) and Borgo Isonzo
declared extinct (Webb in Tutin et al. 1980). It becomes (Locatelli-Lanzara, Marchi, and Moskova 1971) – and in
more common in the Atlantic belt of France (Brittany, the Macchiagrande di Maccarese, near Rome (Pignatti,
Loire Valley, in the plains south of the Garonne till the Lucchese, and Lattanzi 1985); (3) Tuscany, in
northern slopes of the Pyrenees), up to the mountains of the Maremma Grossetana (Selvi and Viciani 1999).
the Central Massif (Grenier and Godron 1855; Fournier The species is also reported for several small islands in
1961; Dupont 1962). It tends to become gradually rarer the Central Tyrrhenian Sea, in particular (from south to
inland, reappearing sporadically along the French north): the Gallos Archipelago and the Islet of Vivara
Mediterranean sectors, up to the coastline between (Fiori 1925–29), the Palmarola Island (at Punta di
Toulon and Saint-Tropez, with other, more or less Tramontana; Béguinot 1905), the Ponza Island (summits
isolated, stations south of the plain of Languedoc of Mounts Frontone and Tre Venti, and at Campo
(Dupont 1962). It is also common along the Atlantic Inglese; Béguinot 1905), the Zannone Island (Anzalone
arch of the Iberian Peninsula (Basque country, and Caputo 1974–75) and Monte Argentario in the
Cantabrian range, Galicia, most of Portugal), up to the Tuscan Archipelago (Baldini 1995). The two new ones
Algarve (Pereira Coutinho 1974). identified in Sicily need now to be added to these
In Spain, it is recorded with isolated populations records.
along the coasts of Catalonia (Font Quer 1949; Mercadal
2000; Bolòs et al. 2005; Sàez, Aymerich, and Blanché
2010) and further inland at Pinar de Selas and Sierra de Phytogeographical significance of the new records
Gredos (Morales Del Molino and G. Mateo 2010); The updated reconstruction of the range of S. mattiazzi,
an ulterior bibliographic citation is reported for reported in Figure 2, further emphasizes the floristic and
Sierra Madrona, although not confirmed recently phytogeographic interest of some refuge sites located in
(Martin-Blanco and Carrasco 2005). Other disjointed the Tyrrhenian area and in the western part of the
stations are indicated at the southern end of Spain, near Eusiculo Sector (Brullo, Minissale, and Spampinato
the Gibraltar Strait, between Serrania de Ronda and the 1995, Brullo et al. 2011).
Aljibe Massif (Cadiz and Malaga) and along the The Marettimo Island, located about 35 km from the
Atlantic-Andalusian coast (Morales Del Molino and western coast of Sicily, is separated by a deep stretch of
Mateo 2010). sea – isobaths ranging from –100 to –350 m – that led to
In Northern Africa, the distribution is fragmented its isolation from the mainland during the maximum
across a wide belt of territory, from Morocco to Tunisia. marine regression of the Würm (about 20,000–18,000
From west to east, it is cited as rare in the forest of years ago; Agnesi et al. 1993). This led to the
Mamora at Port-Lyautey, becoming more common in the preservation of a specific plant biodiversity (Francini and
Atlantic sector between Rabat and the Tingitana Messeri 1956; Nimis et al. 1994), rich in palaeoendemics,
Peninsula (Tangier region) up to the Rif Mountains. in part exclusive [Bupleurum dianthifolium Guss., Scilla
Further east, it is recorded on the hills of the Tell (from hughii Tineo, Allium franciniae Brullo & Pavone,
Cherchell to the Constantine area) and in Krumiria Limonium tenuiculum (Tineo) Pign., Thymus richardii
(Tunisia), where it is relatively common; it is cited as Pers. subsp. nitidus (Guss.) Jalas.], in part shared with
rare also in the Cape Bon Peninsula (Ball 1878; Bonnet some other islands of the Aegadian Archipelago
and Baratte 1896; Maire 1952; Valdes et al. 2002). (Brassica macrocarpa Guss.) or with Sicily
In the Tyrrhenian area the species is present at [Pseudoscabiosa limonifolia (Vahl) Devesa]. Several taxa
isolated and fragmentary stations. In Corsica, for with a wide range made discontinuous by the glaciations